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摘要：In the pre-scientific era, no proper view about the concept of “language” was held.During that period, the emphasis of language ability was to master the knowledge oflanguage especially the grammatical rules, and nothing else.

online system, this paper studies the reliability and the constructvalidity as well as fact validity and content validity of the NHCE test, which aims toanswer the following questions:1. What is the reliability quality of the NHCE test?2. What is the validity quality of the NHCE test?To answer the first research question, a quantitative analysis of reliability CronbachAlpha is done. To answer the second research question, a correlation analysis amongindividual scores of each test task as well as between each test task and the global scoreare calculated, along with a factor analysis to evaluate the construct validity quality. Inaddition, an interview is made on six test takers of NHCE test to collect qualitativeevidence which is then used as a supplementary of quantitative analysis.The purposes of this study are listed as follows: Firstly, by researching NHCE test paper, the answer to the question of whetherlearners meet the Requirements (2007) and course standards can be found;Secondly, a feedback about the reliability and validity qualities of the NHCE test canbe gotten, which is integrated with NHCE series, a widely used college English teachingmaterial in China. Meanwhile, it is specially valuable for test designers and educationaladministrators who are in charge of testing at schools since the ultimate decision of theusage of NHCE test can be made based on teat takers’ scores on the exam;Thirdly, for the publisher of this NHCE system, the study can also offer feedback fora further development of this system which may then improve the quality of NHCEsystem for their current and potential customers.In a word, the study of this paper aims to evaluate whether the NHCE test paper isgenerally reliable and valid to indicate the language ability of test takers required byRequirements (2007) and course standards.
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2.2 Subjects
As the NHCE test paper is developed by applying the NHCE online system to inferthe language ability at a certain level of test takers required by Requirements (2007) andcourse standards, two subjects are involved in the study of reliability and validity qualitiesof NHCE test paper, which are the test taker and the NHCE online system. In thefollowing part, the background information of test takers in this study will be introducedfirst. Then, the NHCE online system which plays the key role in test development ofNHCE test paper is mentioned.
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2 Methodology...... 35
2.1 Research questions ...... 35
2.2 Subjects ..... 36
2.3 Instruments ...... 39
2.4 Data collection....... 40
2.5 Data analysis.... 41
3 Results and Discussion ....... 43
3.1 Description of normal distribution ...... 43
3.2 Reliability of the NHCE test.... 46
3.3 Validity of the NHCE test ....... 47
3.4 Item analysis of multiple choices and blank filling testing items ....... 55

3Results and Discussion

In previous two chapters, the development of language testing theory, Bachman’s testusefulness formula for evaluation of test paper quality and the test development have beendiscussed as well as the introduction of research methods of this study.To reveal results of the two research questions of this study, the reliability andvalidity quality of the NHCE test, quantitative statistics will be used as basis fordiscussion. The result of reliability Cronba本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。