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nd improve the English learning level and practical ability. It also enables HVCEnglish teachers to update the teaching ideas，and innovate the mode of Englishteaching. What's more, it can enhance the overall teaching quality of the whole schoolin depth.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Related Research
In foreign countries, the period of ancient Greece, the idea of autonomous learningis put forward. At that time，people understand that teacher cannot teach by the way oftransplantation or directly transferring the knowledge into the students' mind, and whatthey should do is to go through the method of "midwife" to guide students to think, andenable them to acquire knowledge autonomously.In modem times, with Dewey's (1938) education thought, he has developed ateaching method, which emphasizes the status of students, and promotes the students'autonomous learning. So the effective teaching mode of students' autonomous learningis established initially, which can be examined and widely used in English teachingpractice.In the nineteen sixties, Vygotsky's (1978) theories of self language, informationprocessing Psychology and humanistic psychology promote autonomous learningresearch. These studies mainly focus on the psychological mechanism of individualautonomous learning, which emphasizes the importance of students subject status inlearning, but also emphasizes the leading role of the teacher in the students learning.In the nineteen eighties, foreign research achievements concerning aboutautonomous learning are numerous，but it focuses on the definition of autonomouslearning and training practice of autonomous learning ability.
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2.2 Theoretical Background of Autonomous Learning
Autonomous learning is an important learning strategy to measure the quality oflanguage learning. This section makes a general introduction to the theoretical conceptof autonomous learning, which is the theoretical background of the present study. Itconcludes the different ideas on the definition of autonomous learning, autonomouslearners' characteristics, and theories involved in the thesis: Constructivism andHumanistic Psychology. Since nineteen sixties and seventies, autonomous learning has become a hotresearch topic at home and abroad for educators and psychologists. Different views onwhat the autonomous learning is and what the essence of autonomous learning is havebeen demonstrated by many domestic and foreign scholars.Autonomous learning, is also known as the learner autonomy, self directed learningand so on. In nineteen sixties, autonomous learning extends out from the debate of thelifelong learning skills development and independent thinking skill development. Innineteen seventies, it's developed by Henri Holec that researchers will introduce theconcept of autonomous learning into the foreign language teaching. Since then, theautonomous learning has been a hot discussion topic. Holec defined autonomouslearning as “the ability to assume responsibility for their own learning ability，，( Holec,1981). Dickinson argues autonomous learning is to take the full responsibility of all thedecisions in learning (Dickinson, 1992). Little considers autonomous learning is explicitand conscious, is an independent, critical thinking, decision making and the ability ofindependent action ( Little, 1991).
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