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三、不必要的转换

这类错误通常有以下几种形式:1•句子前后的时态发生不必要的变换;2•句子前后的人称发生不必要的变换;3•主语为不可数名词,表示整体概念的名词、分词、不定式、从句等,而谓语发生数的转换,不是相应的单数第三人称;4•主语发生不必要的转换;5•动词非谓语形式、独立结构及从句的语态与主句的语态发生不必要的转换。发生这类错误,通常是由于写作者的粗心、语法概念不清或是沿用中文思维习惯而造成的。下面的例句就发生了不必要的转换:(1) I have always thought he would be famous, and though he is not famous yet, someday he will be. (不必要的时态转换)(2) When I was in high school, you never knew what to expect. (不必要的人称转换)(3) To be top students need hard work.. (不必要的数的转换)(4) Mike cannot keep roses alive, but sunflowers are easy for him to grow. (不必要的主语转换)(5) Shirley won the first prize, while her brother was awarded the second. (不必要的语态转换)更正这类错误,一是要求写作者加强语法的应用能力;二是要求写作时尽量细心,对于句子要前后仔细分析核查;三是要求克服中文思维习惯,对于同一句话来说,尽可能保持主语、时态、语态、人称、数等的前后一致。例如上面的句子,可以进行如下修改:(1) I have always thought he will be famous, and though he is not famous yet, someday he will be.(2) When I was in high school, I never knew what to expect.(3) To be top students needs hard work..(4) Mike cannot keep roses alive, but he finds it easy to grow sunflowers.(5) Shirley won the first prize, while her brother won the second.

四、总结

出现上述的三种常见的句子错误的根本原因,除了由于写作者的母语———汉语的影响外,往往是因为写作者对语法的领悟与实际应用未能紧密结合而造成的。加强语法修养,并在实际写作中对上述问题多加注意,将是提高英语四级作文质量的有效途径。