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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-05-19编辑:lgg点击率:3575
论文字数:36640论文编号:org201405191234083534语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
摘要:Generally speaking, the grammar teaching for English majors in VocationalColleges always lasts one semester in the first year, and there are about eight hours oflessons in a week.
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Definition of grammar
Wang Dechun (1997: 160) proposes “the greatest characteristics of grammar areabstract, general and steady. One rule is always related with a series of words, phrasesand sentences. Grammar is the product of many times, and it is combined with basicwords, which are composed of the foundation of language with steadiness.”There is no denying that grammar is an essential component of language.Linguists have been studying it for centuries. It is an integral part of the language weuse in everyday communication. In other words, it is the “stuff” with which wecommunicate. So language without grammar would be chaotic and would certainlyleave us seriously handicapped.Now that grammar is so important, then what do we mean by grammar?Different linguists give different definitions of grammar. According to Close (1982:13), “English grammar is chiefly a system of syntax that decides the order andpatterns in which words are arranged in sentences.” Close’s grammar apparentlyoperates only at the simplest level within the sentence but excludes context which isalso beyond it. Similarly, Lyons regards grammar as “that branch of the description oflanguages which accounts for the way in which words combine to form sentences”(quoted in Stern, 1983: 131). Ur (1988) claims “grammar may be roughly defined asthe way language manipulated and combines words (or bits of word) in order to formlonger united of meaning”.
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2.2 Theoretical frameworks of grammatical competence
He states that linguistic competence or grammatical competence islanguage user’s underlying knowledge about the grammar rules, which can makespeakers produce and understand a countless number of sentences and recognizegrammatical mistakes and ambiguities. Moreover, Chomsky regards competence as aproperty of the mind of each individual so that it is stable and will not be influencedby psychological and social factors. Actually, grammatical competence of Chomskyhas no relationship with the actual use of language in concrete situation. He has failedto account for sociolinguistic appropriateness expressed by an utterance in context.Not all linguists have restricted grammatical competence to the aspect ofgrammatical knowledge, Hymes (1971) expands Chomsky’s notion of (primarilygrammatical) competence to communicative competence. He puts forward theconcept of communicative competence, including not only knowledge but also theability to use the knowledge. Other linguists (Goldberg, 1999) objects to Chomsky’sdescription of grammar as a static object which fully present at all times in the mindof the speaker. Then the following parts show grammatical competence in somemodels.
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Chapter 3 Methodology....18
3.1 Research questions......18
3.2 Participants......18
3.3 Instruments......19
3.3.1 Grammatical competence test .........19
3.3.2 Questionnaire and the structured interview ......20
3.4 Procedures of the study.....21
3.5 Scoring Methods .........22
3.6 Reliability of the instrument .........24
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