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dicate  verb.  In  traditional  grammar,  “voice  is  a grammatical  category  which  makes  it  possible  in  either  of  the  two  ways,  active  and passive,  without  change  in  the  facts  reported”.  (Quirk,  et  al.  1985)  There  are  two voices,  the  passive  and  the  active.  When  the  performer  of  action  is  the  subject,  the sentence  is  active  voice;  when  the  receiver  of  action  is  the  object,  the  sentence  is passive voice.  Granger  (1983)  gives  a  definition  of  passives  as  that  the  passives  refer  to  be  + past participle structures. Quirk et al (1985: 164) thinks that English passive is that the clause contains the construction be/get +past participle. But get-passives are less used in  formal  written  texts.  Zhang  Zhenbang  (2009)  defines  the  passives  as  a  sentence  or clause whose predicate verb is passive. For example, (1) Sally killed Tom. (2) Tom was killed by Sally. (3) Tom was killed. In the sentence (1), the subject is “Sally” and the object is “Tom”. Sally is the performer of action. Tom is the receiver of action. It is an active sentence. In the sentence (2) and (3), “Tom” has moved to the front and becomes the  grammatical  subject,  which  determines  the  form  of  verb.  In  the  sentence  (2), “Sally” has been moved to the end as the logical subject or the performer of action. In the sentence (3), the performer is omitted. The sentences (2) and (3) are central passive or true passive. According  to  Quirk,  there  are  three  parts  of  English  passive:  central  passives  or true  passives  which  refer  to  the  passives  have  corresponding  actives,  semi-passives  which refer to the passive expressions which have verbal and adjective properties and pseudo-passives which are passive in form but active in meaning. 
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2.2 Studies of English and Chinese Passive Constructions in General 
With  the  introduction  of  the  comparative  linguistics,  the  study  of  English  and Chinese  passive  constructions  has  become  more  and  more  popular  and  intensive  in recent years. Various papers on passive constructions in English, in Chinese, or in both have been written by researchers in China and in other countries have received popular discussions.  Many  researchers  in  other  countries  carried  out  studies  on  passive constructions. Mahinda Corray (1967) in his paper The English Passive Voice discusses the structure, the function and the pragmatic use of passive voice in English and argues that  the  passive  construction  is  not  the  transposition  of  the  active  one.  Yun-Kyeony Ki本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。