nvironment.
Jack London describes his optimistic belief of the astonishing power and influence of the environment.He clarifies his views that even the most savage animal in the wild can be tamed by giving the appropriate care and “mediate climate”.Because he believed that every atom which made up of an organism was plastic,and the present best breed of dogs had ever been plump baby-dogs.Pressing from one side, we could see them going back to the wild and behaving like their forbears;but pressing form the other side, it would be tamed of be well-guided.It is the dame to human beings.He sa id it was full of hateful realism in life and he knows that men and women were in a state of beings can be good-formed as animals.It is Jack London’s total intention fo writing White Fang.
I have to marvel at the power of environment in the White Fang.But, at the same time.I do mot agree with Jakd London’s deterministid idea of environment.
There are some reasons for my disagreement.First,uman beings re different from animals. Animals are of lower quality.So,they can only behave according to conditioned reflexes,that is to say,theenvironment offers to make them reflex.If the envirnment is changed,animals will be changed to accord with the reflexes.Just like in White Fang,the light from outside is the stimulation that causes White Fang go out of the cave,like plants gtowing towards light.Eating is an instinct.The meat his mother gives him is another stimulation.So,when he places and smells the seven ptarmigan,his instinct tells him it is meat,the only difference isthat it is moving and he eats them.The desire to get meat causes him to fight for meat.Thus,he becomes more and more ferocious in human being’s mind.But,if they can think and speak,they will say:“It is natural,just like you,men,who eat meat/”When Fang runs across human beings,he can not change his behaviors by himself or the love of men directly,but by a new kind of stimulation.And at the same time,the former behaviors he has will disappear gradually.It is the reason why White Fang is tamed by human beings.
Secondly,human beings are more complex than animals.They can think and recall.They have fellings,will-power,patience and so on.The process of changing a person is more complex than that of animals.Besides heredity and enviroment,
Education and subjedtime flexibility of an indvidual are important for the development of a preson They complement each other.
Heredity makes one’s development possible,but it can’t determine any aspect of a person.An example of a child brought up by a wolf can prove.It also indicated how important role the enveronment and education play.How a person develops and to what extent are closely related with the environment and his education.But compared with the last one, the former three are only latent power.Because no matter how superior conditions of herediyt,environment and education one has,he can not transform then into reality Only when an individual brings his subjective flexibility into play to make use of the positive and advantageous elements, he can attain a harmonious and all-round development,that is to say to,actions of an individual can determine his development.
In a word,although Jack London overstates the deterministic role of environment,his White Fang is still worth reading.In his description of the behaviors, thoughts and feelings of the wolf, he shows unintentionally his experience of life, his thoughts about life, survival and his understanding
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