The Power of the Environement
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-20编辑:黄丽樱点击率:10296
论文字数:2966论文编号:org200904202359547042语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:PowerEnvironementcharactersAmerican naturalismtheory
Abstract
This paper attempts to show one of the characters of American naturalism in Jack London’s white fang, that is the powe of the environment. The author describes the hero---White fang’s subtle changes form a ferocious wolf to a “blessed wolf”in six steps,which are the six stages of White fang’s experience.They are(1) Learning in the wild (2)meeting Gray Beaver (3)being exchanged to Beauty Smith(4)Being dominated by Weedon Scott (5)learning in the new lang (6)Devoting to his master.The author agrees to the influence of the power of the environment,but she points out her disagreement that environment can’t determine human beings but to influence them to some extent. The reasons are: (1)Animals are not equal to human beings.Animals behave according to comditioned reflex, so they can be dtetrmined by the environment and heredity.(2)Human beings are more complex.There are at least four elements which complement together to determine a pe
After the Call of the Wild,Jack London’s another important novel---White Fang was published.If the former is a story of “anti-enlightenment”,the latter is one of “enlightenment’.Because it shows us how awolf is tamed by its environment.It focuses on environment detdrmination,which is one of the characters of naturalism in America.
Before we appreciate the power fo environment in White Fang. Let’s talk about how Jack :ondon bedomes a literary maturalist. It’s important for the research on Jack London’s White Fang.As a member at the bottom of society,he grew up in extreme poverty:from his earliest youth,he supported himself and his family with menial and dangerous jobs,experiencing profoundly the struggle for survival.Being jailed for thirty days for vagrancy made him detest the system of exploitation and determine to educate himself in order to improve his own condition and that of others, So like the other intelledtuals, Fack :ondon read a lot about philosophy,economics and sociology in order to know about the world and life . He took faith in Darwin’s survival of the fittest and Herbert Spender’s evolutionary concept of progress.He also embraced the socialist doctrines of Marx.All made him become one of the writers whose ideas of the workings of the universe and whose perception of society’s disorders led them to maturalism, a mew and harsher realism.
White Fang contains the characters of the works of all the literary maturalists in the miserable life in the society by describing the experiendes of White Fang in the brutal wild,and emphasizes that emvironment and heredity dominated the life of people from low social and economic classes.It is mainly the society the determines the people.So in white Fang,it is mainly the environment, the environment in a broad sense that determines the changes of the hero--- White Fang.
According
to the changes happened to White Fang, there are six stages iin his life.The first four happen in the Northland.They are:Learning in the mew land and devoting to his master. In order to show the power of the environment. I will show the changes step by step.
Learning in the wild. Befthe hero appears,Jack London gives us a picture of the wild where the hero will be born and grown up.
“Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway .The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost of frost,and they seemed to ward each,black and ominous, in the fading light. A vast silence reigned over the land.The
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