英语论文网

n areas with
housing on the coast, the housing has been labelled worthless as it
becomes dangerous to live there and houses are at risk from plummeting
into the sea. In Aldeburgh, Suffolk, Suffolk, six streets to the east
of the town have been lost to the sea since the 16th century, and the
only visible remains of the former village of Slaughden, 1km to the
south, are a Martello tower, shown in the picture below and what is
now a marina. A £4.9 million plan was devised to protect the town.
This is due to its economic significance to the area. Coastal
management generally protects areas where developments such as power
stations have been built on the coast as they are of great economic
wealth. When protecting these developments, the government totally
disregard farmers who lose personal wealth due to their management
schemes. This would explain why certain areas are given preference of
management over others.

[IMAGE][IMAGE] [IMAGE]

One example of a coastline with lots of coastal management is the East
Sussex Coast, especially around Hastings. Coastal land uses in this
area over the last 100 years has had a profound affect on this whole
stretch of coastline. It has two fairly large coastal settlements,
attracting a lot of tourists. This has caused the local people to want
hard engineered defences to protect their towns. There have been many
changes to the coastline; The cliff face has been armoured and
protected from the waves to prevent rock falls and cliff retreat.
Groynes were built to the west to encourage the beach to accrete, or
build up in the Victorian times. The harbour built in 1896 provides
and effective sediment trap for long shore drift. This has had the
benefit of creating a well built up beach, making hard engineering
unnecessary. A 1,000,000 improvement and extension into the harbour
was built in the 1970s, increasing the sediment trap effect. The town
was built outwards over 150 years with the buildings, the promenade
and the wide beach, as the whole sea front is artificial. Here is a
diagram of the East Sussex coastline:

However these changes have been to the detriment of areas down drift.
The cliffs of Fairlight have suffered extensive and rapid cliff
retreat due to mass movement causing landslides and the abandonment of
houses. Pett level is below sea level, many management strategies have
been put into place but it is a question now of whether the benefits
outweigh the costs and whether a managed retreat should be arranged.

One example of a coastline without coastal management but in great
need of it is Bangladesh. A high proportion of its land is at or
around sea level. The flat islands are ideal for rice growing,
explaining why there are 40 million people living in the area.
However, with previous storm surges drowning 40,000 people, killing
crops and animals, coastal defences are needed. Unfortunately with
Bangladesh being an LEDC it just does not have the funding and has to
cope merely with soft engineering strategies of planting Mangrove
trees. Other particularly densely populated parts of the world are at
risk; regions like the Nile in Egypt, and the Ganges in Bangladesh.
These are LEDC’s who are unable to afford the kind of coastal
protection they wish, however the Maas in the Netherlands alre