摘要:本文是一个组织学方面的留学生理论论文,组织所定义的约束,每一个员工都要遵循规则。规范,是另外一方面,它在文献中已被定义为:一个特殊的社会群体行为的容忍或预期的范围。
ASA's autonomy interfered with the regulators' abilities to oversee, examine, and properly govern issues of safety. Thus, theoretical support exists for the relation between autonomy and both positive and negative forms of deviance.
In our study we are trying to study the effect of autonomy on behavioural aspects which in turn lead to positive deviance.
Extraneous Variable
Various studies have identified that there are four main demographic factors that may affect positive deviant behaviour in an organizations (Appelbaum, S.H., Deguire, K.J., Lay, M., 2005). The first factor is gender, it is a common notion that males tend to engage in more aggressive behaviour than females at work leading to a greater tendency for deviant behaviour. Tenure of work is another factor that can be considered, as employees who have joined the organization recently are more likely to engage in positive deviance. Third external variable is education, it has been shown that the more educated the employee is, the less likely they will be involved in deviant behaviors. Last variable identified by studies is the age. The older employees are likely to be more honest than younger employees (Appelbaum, S.H., Deguire, K.J., Lay, M. 2005).
From the four extraneous variables identified by various studies we have considered only gender as the external variable. This is due to the following limitations of our study:
The age group that we have considered is 23 to 27 years. So affect of age cannot be easily studied.
The tenure of our target group is from 2 to 4 years. This shows that all are relatively new to the organization. So the affect of staying for longer periods cannot be studied.
The education of most of the target group is the same i.e. most of them are software engineers as our target group is just fixed t the IT sector.
Methodology
Sample
The sample of the target group that we have taken for this study consisted of 134 respondents from the IT sector. The average age of the participants was 25.4 years (SD = 2.14 years), and 25% were female.
Procedure
The participants were given a 25 question questionnaire that was divided into 2 parts. The first part of the survey consisted of 19 questions that assessed risk-taking propensity, self efficacy and autonomy in goal achievement.
The second part consisted of a short scenario that would be likely to lead someone to indulge in positive deviance. The Scenario described a situation in which an employee had to decide whether or not to show positive deviant behaviour by placing an urgent order for a customer. At the end of the, participants responded to six questions that assessed the likelihood of theirs for showing positive deviance.
Design
Positive Deviance was the dependent variable. It was measured using six items that were adopted from the study done by Morrision, 2006 on positive deviance. All six items assessing positive deviance had different labels but all were gauged on a 5-point scale.
Appendix A shows the scenario that was administered to the respondents to gauge their deviant behaviour. The variables were incorporated in the scenario in a disguised manner. For example Autonomy was manipulated by stating that one either feels or does not feel that he or she has freedom to mak
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