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　　0.1 Background of the Research研究背景
　　在20世纪80年代，G. Lakoff和M.约翰逊（1980年）首先提到在我们生活的隐喻的隐喻的意义。他们（G.拉科夫和M.Johnson的1980:193）说，隐喻的重要性不在于扩大了词的含义，而在于帮助我们建设我们的思想和概念体系。我们不能做任何事情，我们的思想没有隐喻In the 1980s, G. Lakoff and M. Johnson (1980) firstly mentioned thesignificance of metaphor in Metaphors we lived by. They (G. Lakoff&M.Johnson 1980:193) said that the importance of metaphor does not lie inexpanding the meaning of the word, but lies in helping us to construct ourthought and the conceptual system. We cannot do anything in our thoughtwithout metaphor, and people who without thought has no necessity and reasonto exist in the world. Metaphor as a discourse phenomenon attracts a number oflinguistics scholars to do researches on metaphor from the pespectives ofmulti-dimensions and multi-levels. https://www.51lunwen.org/languagethesis/ Metaphor gradually becomes an object ofmultitudinous disciplines from the object of traditional rhetoric.Since metaphor plays an important role in people's cognition, the ability tocomprehend and produce metaphor is indispensable to the acquisition of theirlanguage. Since the 1970s, a great number of philosophers, sociologists,psychologists and linguists abroad have shown their great concern on metaphorstudy. From then on, an unprecedented metaphor study boomed in China andabroad. Many linguists and psychologists started their researches on metaphor inthe field of cognitive psychology. The development of children metaphoriccompetence also becomes an important aspect in domestic and overseasresearches. There are many researches on children's metaphoric competenceabroad, but the conclusions of them differ from one another. There are fewlongitudinal studies and experiments on children’s cognitive metaphoriccompetence in China, let alone cross-linguistic studies on the development ofMandarin-speaking and English-speaking children’s metaphorical competence.In this study, a large number of children's spontaneous utterances arerecorded. The research groups adhere to keeping track of twoMandarin-speaking children’s spontaneous speeches. According to thetranscriptions, the author found that children can speak poetic languages withmetaphorical meanings, which arouses her interest. During the process ofconsulting the literature review, many well-known linguists have studied thisphenomenon but there exist a lot of controversies and different conclusions.Then, what is the essence of pre-school children’s rhetorical language? What isthe developing tendency of children’s metaphoric competence with the agegrowing? What factors cause this change? What are the similarities anddifferences between Mandarin-speaking and English-speaking children’smetaphorical competence? And what are the characteristics of children’smetaphorical competence? These are the questions to be studied in the presentresearch.

　　
　　0.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research研究目的和意义
　　Because the pre-school period is a critical time for the development ofchildren's language, it plays a significant role in children’s language learning andthe application of language competence. Metaphor has been viewed as one ofthe most elementary ways of knowing the world, which comes naturally to theyoung children and children’s language has been regared as richness ofmetaphor, reflecting本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。