摘要:本文详细的分析了语言及语境的相关变化,语言是一种社会现象。是在某种社会的某种环境中使用的。也是一种只能够被人类所使用的工具。但是在不同的环境之中会有不同的表现。
ext, we shall learn context from multi-dimension.
Chapter 2 Types of Context
2.1 Verbal Context
Verbal context, consist of broad and narrow verbal context, which tells the relationship among words, phrases, sentences or sections and chapters. It takes great efforts to understand the specific meanings of language. Narrow verbal context means the relation in the whole text that to express specific language elements.
As it is common in English that polysemy includes many phenomena that the same words or phrases may have opposite meanings in different contexts, knowing well of narrow verbal context will help us to get rid of ambiguity. Let's see the examples below:
Ex (1): I heard that Tom got the golden medal, his parents must be very proud of him.
Ex (2):He is very proud of himself as proud as a peacock .
From the above examples, we can see both of the two examples have the same sentence "be proud of somebody." Isolated from the specific verbal context, this sentence has two completely different interpretations because of the special meanings of the word "proud", namely " 为某人感到骄傲 " 或" 自负,不可一世 " . However, this sentence appears in the specific verbal context, the meanings of the same sentence are obviously opposite because of the restriction of the verbal context.
2.2 Time Context
Time context, one of the factors of context, is the time when a communication happens, which also falls into two types, broad and narrow time contexts.
The narrow time context refers to the specific time of the utterance. The same sentence always has different meanings in different time. For example:
Ex(3): He passed away last autumn.
If this sentence happens in the autumn or summer, it should be translated into"他是在去年秋天过世的", while it is said in the winter, the correct translation is "他是在今年秋天去世的" .
Broad time context refers to the time and historical background in which the utterance happens. Since language develops with the development of the society, and changes as the society changes, the same words or phrases may be endowed with different connotations in distinct times. For example, in the times of Chaucer, "women" are generally called "wife" while at present "wife" means "妻子"; In the times of Shakespeare, "deer" is generally known as "animal" while "deer" means "鹿" now; In the works of early nineteenth century, "pen" should be translated into "鹅毛笔" not "钢笔"and "cab" should be translated into "出租马车" not "出租汽车". Thus it can be seen that the broad time context also plays strong restrictions on the meaning of words and phrases, therefore, we must not misinterpret words through taking them too literally.
2.3 Place Context
Place context, one factor of context, refers to the place where the utterance happens. Under most circumstances, meanings of utterance have close relationship with specific sites.
It can be seen that sometimes the meanings of words, phrases and sentences depend on certain specific situations and such situational meanings widely spread in English, therefore, we should pay great attention to them.
2.4 Originator Context
Origin
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