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As defined in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, art is “the use ofpainting, drawing, sculpture etc to represent things or express ideas”. In this sense,face art is the form of art using painting, drawing, make-up, etc to represent things orexpress ideas on the face. Face art provides professional facial painting or make-updesign or glitter tattoo on the face, which was popular thousands of years ago amongIndian tribes who used different designs and techniques in the face to identify theirtribe, status, and culture; and which is also popular in recent years in abundant waysfor parties, corporate events, product promotions, fundraisers, birthday parties,sporting events and opening or closing day ceremonies, bridal and baby showers,festivals and city events, street fairs, bar and bat mitzvahs, family events or reunions,weddings – for the “little guests”, schools, holiday parties and events, scout troopsand Indian and princess guides, church events, grand openings, and for any reason tocelebrate and to entertain. Face art is popular in various events at all times and allover the world.Before we conduct an in-depth research into the face art, we need to distinguishseveral related terms like face makeup and facial tattooing, face mask, facial painting.As defined in website Dictionary.com, face makeup is the way using “cosmeticsto the face to enhance one’s appearance or so as to alter the appearance for a theatricalrole”. To make a face makeup, powders close to the color of skin, and makeupbrushes as well as other makeup tools are applied on face to enhance one’s appearanceby camouflaging perceived imperfections, for example, to make cheeks look rosy, tomake shape and color of eyebrows look beautiful and to make eyes look bigger oreyelash look longer. As a common part of regular grooming, makeup varies accordingto changing definitions of beauty, for instance, tanned or whitened skin, or changedcolor of lips, eyes and teeth, or added or removed spot. Face makeup, like clothingare felt to have protective and auspicious properties, for example, aboriginal facialpainting, moko facial painting, bororo facial painting and a red dot painted in thecentre of forehead in Chinese culture, making them ideal for use in initiation rituals,for weddings, for funerals and for competition game. And some are felt to have socialproperties, like Peking Opera facial painting, Halloween facial painting, and someother kinds of modern facial paintings, making the wearers transformed greatly to bepresented as another person or animal, for festivals, and for parties and so forth.From the definitions above, we can see that face mask, facial painting, facemakeup, and facial tattooing are all representation forms of face art.

1.2 Signs, metaphor and face art

What is a sign?According to Chandler (2001: 16), “Anything can be a sign as long as someoneinterprets it as 'signifying' something - referring to or standing for something otherthan itself. We interpret things as signs largely unconsciously by relating them tofamiliar systems of conventions” “Signs take the form of words, images, sounds,odours, flavours, acts or objects, but such things have no intrinsic meaning andbecome signs only when we invest them with meaning” (Chandler 2001: 16).“Distinctively, we make meanings through our creation and inte本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。