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摘要：The term “pragmatic failure” was firstly put forward by Jenny Thomas to refer to “theinability to understand what is meant by what is said”. This thesis systematically analyzes thecauses which lead to pragmatic failures of English euphemism and proposes the strategies whichavoid pragmatic failures.

mplicated linguistic phenomenon, has attracted manylinguists’ interest from its creation. They discuss and analyze euphemism from differentperspectives. The linguists at home and abroad have made many contributions to the research ofeuphemism.
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2.2 Studies of Pragmatic Failure Abroad and At Home
The term “pragmatic failure” firstly occurred in the master’s thesis of Jenny Thomas which istitled Pragmatic Failure. The next year, she published an article named Cross-Cultural PragmaticFailure, in which not only clearly defining pragmatic failure, but also classifying pragmaticfailures into two categories: pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure.Huang Cidong should be the first scholar in China who studied the linguistic phenomenon.He called it pragmatic error. In 1984, he collected ten examples related to pragmatic errors and putthem openly publish in Foreign Language.The scholar firstly supported and introduced pragmatic failure of Thomas is Professor HeZiran. In 1988, the first monograph of pragmatics in China entitled A Survey of Pragmatics waspublished by He Ziran. In this book, the two categories of pragmatic failures were speciallyintroduced in Chapter 7. Since then, it provided a theoretical basis for the study of pragmaticfailures. Professor He’s contributions are enormous. He can be called the leader of the theory ofpragmatic failures.Different definitions have been given to cross-cultural pragmatic failures. He Ziran definespragmatic failure as “failing to achieve the expected communicative effect in communication”.Hong Gang points out that pragmatic failure refers to “the speaker lacks of the ability to usecorrectly and understand effectively”. According to Zhang Juwen, pragmatic failure refers to “themistakes that causes the disruption of human verbal communication”.
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3A General Overview of English Euphemism..... 7
3.1 The Definition of English Euphemism..... 7
3.2 The Classification of English Euphemism ..... 8
3.2.1 From the Angle of Semantics...... 8
3.2.2 From the Angle of Application ......... 9
3.3 The Formation of English Euphemism ........ 11
3.3.1 Phonetic Method .... 11
3.3.2 Lexical Method ...... 12
3.3.3 Grammatical Method .... 12
3.3.4 Rhetorical Method........ 13
4 Theoretical Foundation ..... 15
4.1 English Euphemism and the Cooperative Principle........ 15
4.1.1 The Cooperative Principle ........ 15
4.1.2 Violating the Cooperative Principle ...... 15
4.2 English Euphemism and the Politeness Principle..... 17
4.2.1 The Politeness Principle ..... 17
4.2.2 Observing the Politeness Principle ....... 17
4.3 English Euphemism and the Face Theory .... 20
4.4 English Euphemism and Indirect Speech Acts ......... 22
4.5 English Euphemism and Context ..... 23
5 The Analysis of Pragmatic Failures of English Euphemism......... 26
5.1 Causes of Pragmatic Failures of Euphemism ..... 26
5.2 Pragmatic Strategies of Effectively Avoiding Pragmatic..... 32

5 The Analysis of Pragmatic Failures of English Euphemism in Cross-Culture Communication

5.1 Causes of Pragmatic Failures of Euphemism
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