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eaking  ability  and  differences,  So  I  found  it  a  good chance to talk about this point and explore the differences. 
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Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis and Literature Review 

Many  scholars  have  been  discussing  the  meaning  of  language  and  defined  it through different ways. According to Bloomfield (1914) language is the system of signs controlled by structural rules which relate the signs to its meanings, N. Chomsky (1996) defined it as a group of sentences which are fixed in length and build up of limited set of parts. Other scholars such as E. Sapir (1921), R.A Hall (1968), R.H Robins (1979),  have defined it as a system of communication based upon words and sentences, through language people are able to exchange their knowledge, opinions, felling and so on. All these definitions showed clearly that the aim of language is communication which can’t be separated from speaking. 

2.1 The Definition and types of speaking  
Almost  all  libraries  and  researches  are  full  of  speaking  definitions,  Savignon, (1991) defined speaking according to the modality and direction. He cited that it is a productive  skill,  an  oral  language  produced  by  the  learner.  Burns  &  Joyce  (1997) defined  speaking  as  related  process  of  delivering  meaning  including  producing, receiving, and analyzing the information. According to Tarigan (1990:3-4) speaking is a skill that comes from listening and that time the speaking skill is developed and learned. Nunan (1991. p23) stated that speaking is the person ability to carry out a conversation and to express oneself in any situations. Another definition was given by Wilson (1983. p5), speaking is the development of relationship between speaker and learner. Speaking also  has  been  divided  into  three  types,  Interactive,  Partially  interactive  and Non-interactive.  Interactive  speaking  includes  telephone  calls,  conversations (face-to-face) where people, listening and speaking, have chances to ask if we need any clarification, repetition and slowing down of their speech. Partially interactive occurs when the speaker speak but no response, through others facial expressions or nonverbal reaction  the  speaker  can  guess  the  listener  responds,  for  exemple  presentations  are partially interactive. The last type is totally non-interactive, recording speeches or radio broadcast belong to this type. 
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2.2 The Components of Speaking  
Van Lier (1995, p.15) put a meaningful pyramid summarizing the components of Spoken language. He presented them as seven components (levels); each of them plays an important role with the study of the language and language production. These levels are: Text, utterance, Clause, Phrase, Word, Morpheme, and Phoneme. Text may refer to both types, written and spoken; in Van Lier pyramid it refers to unlimited length of oral language.  Spoken  test  contains  utterances  (  things  which &nbs本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。