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(Hyland, 2005). Fairclough (1992) treats metadiscourse as a kind of ‘manifest intertexuality’. It means that the author interacts with his or her text. Geisler (1994)  refers  to  both  metadiscourse  and  ‘rhetorical  process’,  contrasting  these  with what she calls ‘domain content’. Different  researchers  view  metadiscourse  from  their  own  ways  in  various  angels. Communication  researchers  think  it  as  “communication  about  communication”.  It means  both  verbal  and  non-verbal  information  relating  to  all  sorts  of  communication. The  functional  method  is  the  most  widely  accepted  by  most  of  the  researchers.  It  not only pays great attention to the forms of metadiscourse, but also its metafuctions. Based on the Halliday’s functional theory, both spoken and written form of discourses bestow three metafunctions at the same time. These three metafunctions are complementary to each other. That is ideational, interpersonal and textual functions. Meyer (1975) defines metadiscourse as “signaling,” and regards it as a non-content aspect of writing that put emphasis  to  certain  aspects  such as  the  semantic  content.  Vande  Kopple  (1997)  points out  that  “metadiscourse  is  the  discourse  that  helps  people  not  to  expand  referential materials,  but  to  help  their  readers  connect,  organize,  interpret,  evaluate  and  develop attitudes towards the material.” 
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2.2 Impromptu Speech 
Enkvist (1982, pp.257)  gave a brief introduction  of the term  ‘impromptu speech’. He described like this:  There  are  certain  types  of  situation  which  call  for  rapid  processing  of  spoken discourse,  whether  literally  in  real  time  or  in  small  batches,  and  the  needs  of  such processing are then reflected in the macrostructure and microstrcuture of the resulting texts. Such will be called impromptu. According  from  the  definition,  the  most  outstanding  feature  of  the  impromptu speech is “rapid processing of spoken discourse”. It means that the speakers have no time to prepare beforehand. In another word, he or she has to give quick response in a very  short  time  with  a  coherent  and  well-organized  structure.  Meanwhile,  the  speech must be meaningful and reach its goals. So it requires the speakers to  equip with good command of language and language skills to convince the audience. Impromptu speech is a typical form of communication which includes the speakers and the audience to engage in. By expressing the speaker’s attitude, emotion or idea, the audience can be persuaded from the speech. 
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CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .... 11 
3.1 Interactive Metadiscourse .... 11 
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