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f love,Othello’s ego and superego mildly exert influences on his id and there isno obvious conflict.Othello’s id,ego and superego are in a balanced state at this time.The primitive desire of his id is Desdemona’s love and it gets satisfied.Therefore,theego can well keep balance among id,the external world and the superego.

Chapter TwoOthello’s Reasons for Anxiety:Objective or Neurotic

A.Objective Anxiety:Moorish Identity and Iago’s Scheme

Objective anxiety is also called reality anxiety,which refers to an emotionalexperience of the danger from the outside world.One will feel anxious and painfulwhen he faces the perilous situations beyond his control.The situations and objects thatcause anxiety largely depend on people’s knowledge of the outside world.This anxiousfeeling stems from the actual danger in the realistic world and it mainly effects the ego.As a black Moor in an all-white society,Othello becomes aware of the potentialhostility from the outside world.As for Othello,he is easy to be influenced by theexternal environment and his ego is not enough to resist the danger from the externalworld.He also perceives the presence of danger in such objective environment and so he feels anxious.His objective anxiety roots in his Moorish identity and the worldconceived by Iago.

The story of Othello unfolds partly in Venice and partly in Cyprus.“Venice was anobvious setting to explore the tragic psychological development of a Moor in anambiguous insider/outsider situation”(Novy 95).To a certain degree,Venice is a racialand religious melting-pot where has great tolerance.It opens its door to the aliens whocome from the other parts of the world,so people with different nationality,color,religion converge there.“Among those many nationalities who thronged the crowdedstreets of early modern Venice,we are particularly concerned here with two,an‘Oriental’and an‘African’other:the Jew and the Moor”(Holderness 34).Though theylive there by playing certain roles in society,they are still different from those whiteVenetians.The differences between Venetians and outsiders mainly lie in their language,color and religion.Therefore,it is quite difficult for these aliens to really integrate intothe local people and culture.

B.Neurotic Anxiety:Doubt about Desdemona’s Fidelity

Neurotic anxiety has a close relationship with instinctual impulses and the ego.The conflict between the id and the ego will cause one’s neurotic anxiety.In other words,it means the energy of the ego cannot resist that of the id.Othello’s neurotic anxietycomes from his suspicion of his wife,which further results in his puzzlement of his ownidentity.For Othello,Desdemona symbolizes his acceptance by Venetian society.Thecollapse of Othello’s trust in Desdemona implies the collapse of his faith in his ownidentity.It also shows Othello’s potential sense of insecurity.His ego cannot control thepowerful forces of the id and anxiety thereupon overspreads in his mind.

The difference between Othello and Desdemona is not only the foundation of theirlove but also the spring of their love tragedy.They“begin with strongly defined,andopposite,identities,the warrior and the housebound woman;they are drawn together bydifference and unsettled by difference”(Leggatt 124).Though they overcome the great differences from aspects of ethnicity,age,complexion,social status and ap本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。