摘要:This article hasrightly generated a storm of controversy and criticism but what it demonstratesmore than anything is the enduring capability of evolutionary theory to be usedin explanations of social events, the teleological aspect of the Theory of Evolutionas such remains strong.
ade from the theory and applications to theorisingabout society. It is worthwhile noting that such tensions within SocialDarwinian thought are still present within more modern forms of this thinking.E. O. Wilson's socio-biology and the thesis he outlined there and the morerecent development of Evolutionary
Psychology have continued to replayevolutionary debates concerning the position of men and women within society,(Cosimides, 2004).
Within Evolutionary Psychology in particular debates rage concerning this central question. Wheresome writers emphasise the specificities of development between men and womenas leading to the development of specific traits necessary for certain rolesand thus correspond to the more traditional Darwinian views more feministinterpretations look instead to the perceived suppression of natural laws bysocial structures, (Buss, 2004). Sexual selection and theories concerning it inparticular has become a central feature of debates within EvolutionaryPsychology, (Buss, 2004). Perhaps the most controversial representation of thishas been work such Crawford and Klebs' (1998) as to the evolutionaryexplanations of rape. This article suggests rape can be explained by theinability of certain males to secure a mate through competition and thus do soby force, linked with this thesis is the proposition that women should takemore care in not provoking rape from men who are not successful within matingrituals, (Thornhill, 1999).
This article hasrightly generated a storm of controversy and criticism but what it demonstratesmore than anything is the enduring capability of evolutionary theory to be usedin explanations of social events, the teleological aspect of the Theory of Evolutionas such remains strong. This can be argued will be further enhanced with continuingdevelopments in Genetic sciences and as such the fact that interpretations ofscientific findings will in a sense be labelled as scientific factsthemselves. As our brief review has suggested this is a trend which should becountered as not only is evolution more complex than Darwin held as biologistssuch as Steven Rose have argued criticising the ultra-Darwinian viewpoint,(Rose, Kamin and Lewontin, 1984) . But society and the particular features ofany given society hunter gatherer or liberal democratic is significantly morecomplex than such writings would have us believe also.
References
Bannister, R. C.(1979); Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought,Temple University Press, Philadelphia
Banton, M. (1961);Darwinism and the Study of Society, Tavistock, London
Bowler, P. (1990);Charles Darwin: The Man and his Influence, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge
Burkhardt, F. [ed](1996); Charles Darwin's Letters: A Selection 1825-1859, CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge
Buss, D. M.(2004); Evolutionary Psychology, Pearson, Boston MA
Cosimides, L.(2004); What is Evolutionary Psychology, Yale University Press, NewHaven CONN
Crawford, C.B. andKlebs, D. (1999); Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Lawrence Erlbaum,Mahwah NJ.
Crook, P. (1994); Darwinism:War and History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Darwin, C. (1901);The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Murray, London
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