摘要:本文是英语论文网留学生论文指导范文。19世纪后期以来,美国已成为一个强大的国家,而在同一时间的美国文化中也越来越多地显示一些特质,特别是,突出强调个人主义,这是时代的典型,也是日益成熟的美国文化的风向标。这篇论文以《白鲸》和《老人与海》 这两个经典的美国文学的个人主义为切入点,揭示了美国的个人主义精神和在不同时期的不同解释。此外,文章还介绍了道德的概念,尝试分析个人主义精神对道德观念的影响。
San Diego has come under another pressure, an immense spiritual pressure. At the beginning, the elderly and the child went out to sea every day, but for 40 days they didn’t even catch a fish. This is the first failure. At the same time, the only partner and supporter around him was forced to leave him by his parents. The child had gone, and the elderly was left alone in his old boat which symbolized the remaining failure. Failure and being left alone, this is the second-level pressure. On the other hand, after the kid got on another ship, the “first week he caught up three fairly good fishes”, so the lucky child and the unlucky old man in stark contrast, embarrassingly adds the third layer of pressure. In order to fish for big fish and shark, San Diego fought for two days and two nights. The old man was with extraordinary courage, astonishing perseverance, suffered from ordinary unbearable loneliness, hunger, fatigue and pain, but did not see the tears of loser. Here, what we see is strong and the glorious defeated smile, which is “tough guy” in the “elegance under the great pressure”.
3.6 The Comparison of the Relationships between the Outside World and Heroes
From the relationship between the characters and the outside world, although Ahab was not surrounded by a group of sailors who were willing to hunt whale with him, he was completely lost in his own “Self”, and set in his own state in the invisible world without others. He isolated himself, closed in himself. He was alone in all mortal beings, stood on his own feet. He sat all day long in the master room. He no longer thinks of his wife, child, and no longer communicates with the crew. “He does not say a word, the other leaders do not say a word with him as well.” From here we can see, hatred pushed Ahab to become the loneliest man. Lonely can be a world of pain, while loneliness is poetic in San Diego state. Elderly Ahab is living in a world of cruelty and indifference.
In the beginning of “The Old Man and the Sea”, Hemingway wrote: “He is an old man who fishes in the stream all by himself.” The old man was surrounded by a small boy. He has been followed him for five years to study fishing. The old man's wife has passed away for many years, so the child is actually the only partner in his life. When the child left him, San Diego experienced a lonely life with no heterosexual couple, without a companion and friend. However, the loneliness didn’t deject, swallow, or defeat him, and he was a lonely warrior. If Ahab’s loneliness is inner emptiness loneliness, incapable loneliness, failing loneliness, then that of San Diego is inherently full of loneliness, a power of heroism.
Part Ⅳ The Relationships between Moral and Individualism
4.1 The Origin of Bourgeois Morality and Proletarian Morality
Religion is the source of western ethics. People purified themselves to convert the will of God, while received a code of ethics. In the 20th century westerners faced a crisis of faith, which is the ultimate concern of the disappearance, which has a larger background: Western Christian and rational separates, fusion of ancient Greece loved wisdom and Scholastic abandonment of the system of Christian theology. With the emergence of instrumental rationality, ultimate concern got out of public domain, only remained in the private domain, which resulted in the disappearance of public morality.
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