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yndrome and getting him the care he needs is costly” (Harris, 2013). This is an example of how the government can affect a family in a negative way and affect the child.

Neighborhood

The neighborhood in which families live in is considered to be an external influence that can impact families lives and children's development. Changes that occur in the neighborhood can be both positive and negative. A positive impact may be that there are lots of job opportunities in the area, therefore parents can work close to home and provide financial support for their family. However a negative impact could be that the local area is disadvantaged therefore there are fewer opportunities for children; for example no play areas for children.

The impact the neighborhood can have on the family system and the developing child is debatable, because some families have a choice in where they live. Leventhal and Brooks-Gun (N.D) found that in non-experimental studies, findings suggest that children who live in wealthy areas often had higher cognitive skills and school achievements than those living in middle-income neighborhoods. The neighborhood in which a family lives can also account for family characteristics, such as income and parents income. (Leventhal and Brooks-Gun, N,D).

The neighborhood can have negative impacts on a childs attainment and development. Residential segregation facilitates the intergenerational transmission of poverty if growing up in a poor neighborhood negatively affects childrens social and behavioral development and opportunities for success” (Pebley & Sastry, 2003). This can have a negative impact on children who live in a low-income area, it may cause problems within the family system, it may also cause the child to give up, as they may feel as though they are setting themselves up to fail.

Schools in disadvantaged areas are often linked to low achievement rates and low quality. This can have a negative impact on children's learning and development, if children do not achieve good marks they might not be able to attend further education or get a job. This can cause distress to the child and impact the family. Cassen & Kingdon (2007) carried out the study tackling low educational achievement there findings show Schools do make a difference to outcomes. While students social and economic circumstances are the most important factors explaining their educational results, we find that about 14 per cent of the incidence of low achievement is attributable to school quality.” (Cassen & Kingdon, 2007).

The neighborhood in which a family lives can affect a childs opportunities. If children are from a bad area, it can affect their job opportunities. Families can be judged by where they live, this can affect their opportunities. Young people from Willowdene faced problems and stigma as a consequence of its negative labeling (e.g. failing to get job interviews because of their postal address, criminal victimisation, low levels of recreational and service provision)” (Johnston et al, 2000)

From my volunteering experience of teaching under achieving children science in a disadvantaged neighborhood, I believe that the neighborhood本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。