英语论文网

The study was a controlled diet, cross-over clinical investigation using a Latin square sequence. The study consisted of three 43 day phases separated by a six week wash out interval. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatment arms: a) control yogurt; b) yogurt containing 1013 CFU of microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase promoter L. ruteri bacteria; c) yogurt containing 1013 CFU microencapsulated ferulic acid esterase promoter L. fermentum bacteria. During each treatment period, subjects were provided with a diet containing 35% of energy as fat, 50% carbohydrate and 15% protein. All meals were prepared at the metabolic kitchen located at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN) using a three-day rotation menu. Individual basal energy requirements were determined using Mifflin equation (Mifflin et al., 1990) and were multiplied by a physical activity factor of 1.7. The control and two treatment yogurts comprised a part of the meals at supper and were consumed simultaneously with 4g of wheat bran. Subjects were instructed to consume their supper meal in conjunction with one treatment or control under supervision on a daily basis to monitor compliance. The remaining meals were packed for take-out. Subjects were instructed to return the empty containers to ensure that the diet was properly consumed.

Blood collection protocol

Twelve-hour fasting blood samples were collected on days 1, 2, 28, 29, 39, 40, 41, 42 and 43 of each of the three phases of the trial. Blood samples obtained on days 1 and 2 were used to measure baseline values for different study measurements, whereas blood samples obtained on the days 28 and 29 were used to measure midpoint values; samples collected on days 42 and 43 were used to measure endpoint values. Blood samples were collected using vacutainer tubes and centrifuged for 20 min at 3000 rpm and the separated aliquots were frozen until analysis.

Stable isotope administration

For the purposes of measurement of cholesterol absorption, 70 mg of 13C-labelled cholesterol was provided orally on day 39, with blood samples collected just before dosing this tracer and on the mornings of days 40, 41, 42 and 43 to follow the appearance of the isotope into the blood compartment. For purpose of measuring cholesterol synthesis, approximately 25 g deuterium water (D2O) was provided orally just after the collection of blood on day 42. Synthesis was assessed as the increase in D within blood cholesterol between day 42 and day 43.

Stool sample collection protocol

Two stool samples were collected from each individual at the end of each period. Subjects were provided with a “stool collection kit”. This kit consisted of two fecal collection vials, a pair of gloves, and a commode attachment (inverted hat). The commode was placed onto the toilet seat, and urine was voided so as not to contaminate the fecal sample. Once the stool had been voided into the collection device stool was scooped up and placed into the fecal collection vial (50 ml container). The vial was brought into the laboratory and frozen at -80°C as soon as possible. Stool本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。