英语论文网

分析和研究近年来国外各类医学刊物上的论文,虽然研究项目、阐述内容以及推导结论等均有所不同,但是,在撰写的方法上却有其自身的特点和格式。观察结果表明:所采用的格式有渐趋近似之倾向。英语论文网其排列的项目和顺序通常为: ( 1) TITLE, (2) ABSTRACT, (3)INTRODUCTION, (4)METHODS, or EQUIPMENT AND TEST(EXPERIMENT) PROCE-DURE, (5) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, ( 6) CONCLUSIONS (SUMMARY), (7) ACKNOWL-EDGEMENTS, (8) REFERENCES。笔者认为:了解、熟悉并掌握运用这些特点及其编写格式,无论对阅读和撰写英语论文,捕捉论著的原意,还是中英互译等均具有颇为重要的应用价值,特别是对撰写医学论文,具有一定的指导意义。

1.　TITLE标题
既然是标题,不言而喻,就要力求新颖、简明、扼要,例如以下几个例子。
Advances in Control of Cancer Pain控制癌肿疼痛方法的进展。
Semiquantitatie Analysis of the Autoradiographs放射自显影半剂量分析
The Higher the Diffusion Rate, the Higher thd Chance of Each NewlyIodinated Tgb Molecule Coming into Repeated Contact with the Peroxidase Site at the Apical Membrane弥散率越高,新碘化的Tgb分子与实膜过氧物酶部位所接触的机会越多。
有些杂志,某些作者除采用正标题之外,还采用副标题,这种情况在国外刊物上的各类论文中可谓俯拾即是。采用副标题,一般是在正标题过于简单、笼统的情况下,起到补充和系统说明正题等的作用,或是要强调某一个方面或几个方面,以其引起读者注意等等。
Ultra- Low- Volume Administration: Systems Evaluation and Date Analysis超低量用药一系列评价和数据分析(补充正题)。
Medical News: Adjuvant Chemotherapy Works for Breast Cancer with Involved Nodes医学新闻:辅助性化学疗法对伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌奏效(说明上题)。
Unresolved Issue: Do Smokers Catch Less Lung Cancer?尚未解决的问题:吸烟者患肺癌少吗? (提醒人们注意吸烟者患肺癌的数量增加)。
有时,为了避免标题太长而使用缩写词。
Effect of LATS(=Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator) and LATS Protectoron HTACA (=Human Thyroid Adeny Cyclase Activity)
长效甲状腺刺激素和长效甲状腺刺激素保护物对人体甲状腺甙酸环化酶活性的作用。
考虑文章较长,可在统一的标题下,用不同的副标题分成若干相对独立的篇章。例如: Factors Influencing one’s Ability to Adopt to Chronic Illness影响个人对慢性疾病适应能力的因素(1)CARE保健; (2)TECHNOLOGY技术学; (3) FAMILY RELATION-SHIPS家庭关系; (4)DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL发展水平(研究标准); (5)CULTURAL VALUESAND BELIEFS文化价值和信仰。

2.　ABSTRACT(SUMMARY)摘要,提要
这部分是对整篇文章的高度概括或浓缩,故要简单、明了。常用的词汇和句型有: Somebody studied (examined investigated, determined, found, reported, interviewed, measured, documented, considered, though evaluated, observed,…)。运用这些动词,所采用的时态通常是一般过去时和现在完成时。被动语态也屡见不鲜,常见有: This study was taken to examine…; Patients with…were followed up for +时间;It is showed that…; It is concluded that…; Indications were obtained that…,等。结尾时常用的表达方法有:
The results indicate (show, state, suggest, demonstrate, conclude, express…) that…; These findings have special importance in showing that…; The findings have general significance in that…; This possibility is strengthening by the observation that…,等等。例:Enzyme Linkel Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) is used to the detection for antibody of anti-thy oglobulin in normal human serum, cord serum, and amniotic fluid. The results demonstrate that it seemed to be an certain rule that the lower appeared in the amniotic fluid, the highest in cord serum. Antibody is decreasing for a normal level with the grown-up age after birth. It is thus concluded that antibody of anti- thyroglobulin we measured may play a certain significance in diagnosis of cretinism by ELISA.作者采用ELISA对正常人的血清、脐带血清和羊水中的抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体进行了测定。其结果有一定规律:抗体在胎生期首先出现,分娩时浓度达高峰,而后随年龄增长逐渐降至正常水平。故测定该抗体对地方克汀病之诊断有一定意义。

3．　INTRODUCTION引言
本项除课题意义外,主要涉猎前人研究情况的评述及本研究的目的,后两者有时分别列出。兹分述如下:

3.1　REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK以往研究评论　
还有用其它题目的,例如: REVIEW OF LITER-ATURE(文献评述), LITERATURE CITED(文献引述), PRIOR RESEARCH(以前的研究), SOME PAST DESIGNS(过去的某些设计), BACK-GROU -ND(背景材料),等等。而这些资料引文的重点要放在引述与本文有关的以往研究的结果,否则会喧宾夺主。句式常有Sb. et al. tested(reported, gave, carried out experiment on…; Sb found(showed…)that…. 还有若干不同的其它表达方法,写在下边: our experiments show that…; The present study was undertaken toidentify…, Date are presented that 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。