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c surgical biopsy.接受立体定位活检的女性患者手术次数的中位值为1,接受诊断性外科活检患者的手术次数中位值为2[13]。
另外,相对危险度(relative risk)也可用于两组指标的比较。
[例15] After adjustment for standard cardiovascular risk factors, persons in the highest quintile of fruit and vegetable intake had arelative riskfor coronary heart disease of 0.80 compared with those in the lowest quintile of intake.调整了标准心血管危险因素后,与最低摄入量者相比,摄入水果蔬菜量在1/5高限者的冠心病相对危险度为0.80[14]。

 

2.3一(几)组指标高(早)于另一(几)组,常含有more,higher, greater,earlier等副词或形容词,或elevate, increase,rise等动词或由其演变而来的分词
[例16] Whole_body MR imaging has a higher sensitivity than skeletal scintigraphy forthe detection of bone marrow metastases.全身MR诊断骨髓转移的敏感性高于核素扫描[15]。
[例17] The likelihood of undergoing a single operation was significantly greater for women  who had stereotactic rather than surgical biopsy.
女性患者接受立体定位活检可能只需1次,明显好于接受诊断性外科活检者[13]。
[例18] Females who became overweight or obese between 6 and 11 yr of age were 7 times more likely to develop new asthma symptoms at age 11 or 13.　6至11岁超重或肥胖的女孩在11岁或13岁出现新的哮喘症状的可能性增加7倍[16]。
[例19] If the offspring of patients develop the disease, they will tend to do so at anearlier age than their parents.若患者的子女也患此病,他们的发病年龄要比他们的父母早[17]。
[例20] Twenty_three newly diagnosed celiac patients hadelevatedserum amylase levels(>2 SD above the controls). 23名新近诊断为乳糜泻的患者血清淀粉酶水平升高(与对照者相比高2 SD[18]。
另外,比较句型中常涉及到最高级,含有most,biggest等词。显而易见,这是指与其它所有的组进行比较所得的结果。
[例21] Nucleotide sequence analysis identified 2 strains with 93.4% identity, phylogeneticallymostclosely related to the Greece 1 isolate.核酸序列分析证实2株有93.4%的同源性,种遗传性上与希腊种最为相近[19]。
[例22] Morbid obesity is thebiggestinde-pendent risk factor for early mortality.病理性肥胖是早期死亡的最大独立危险因素[20]。

 

2.4一(几)组指标低于另一(几)组,常用含lower,decrease,decline等词的句子表达
[例23] Maximum mean relative enhance-ment ratio and mean slope of relative enhancement of lung cancer patients were significantly decreased compared with those of the healthy volunteers.肺癌患者的最大平均相对强化率和平均相对强化斜率都明显低于健康人[21]　。
[例24] In ulcerative colitis, there was a marked decreasein telomerase activity in the cecum 152 (59_272), P = 0.04, transverse 180(129_365), p < 0. 001, sigmoid 352 (114_464), P = 0.005, and rectum 180 (70_337), P= 0.001 when compared with normals.与正常结肠组织相比,溃疡性结肠炎各段的端粒末端转移酶活性明显降低,分别为∶盲肠152 (59_272), P = 0.04;横结肠180 (129_365), P <0.001;乙状结肠352 (114_464), P = 0.005;直肠180 (70_337), P = 0.001[22]。

 

3.　描述比较内容的注意事项
3.1比较对象要对应。国内作者在使用比较句型时,经常出现比较对象不一致现象。
如The levels of lymph TNF and IL_6 of group A were increased than group B. B组淋巴液中TNF和IL_6水平高于A组。该例中level与group B相比,比较对象之间不对应。应改为: The levels of lymph TNF and IL_6 of group A were increased than those of group B. 一般来说,可用下面三种方式保持比较对象的对应关系。

 

3.1.1直接列出比较对象
如25例为patients与controls相比,例26为biopsy与biopsy相比。
[例25]Patientswith Karnofsky scores of 50 or less responded correctly to fewer Piagetiantasks thancontrols.评分小于等于50的患者Piagetian题目正确率小于对照组[8]。
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