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Abstract：Comparison is one of the principles for design of medical experiments and much description related to comparison is included in medical papers. This paper analyses/summarizes some rules on comparison in medical English and offers suggested guidelines for Chinese medical writers in writing their English papers.

Key Words：medical papers；comparative sentences；English journals

进行一项医学研究,在实验开始之前就应当将专业知识与统计知识结合起来,制定出周密完善的实验设计。在实验设计时,应遵循对照的原则。因此,在医学论文中,经常涉及有关比较内容的描述,但由于中英文表达习惯和方式的差异,中文作者在撰写英语医学论文时,对比较方法和结果的描述存在的问题较多。笔者分析了部分国际英文科技期刊,对比较句型的应用规律进行了总结,以期为国内作者撰写英语论文提供参考。

1．自身对照的描述
表示“经过某种处理”或“一段时间后”,某项(些)指标的变化。句中常含表示时间变化的形容词、副词或介词词组,如preoperative,previously, after, during, with time,over time等。
另外,也常含有表示变化的动词,如become; reach; increase, elevate; decrease, decline, fall, diminish等。
[例1] These data suggest that the HEV could be more widespread than previously thought.这些数据提示HEV的传播范围可能比先前认为的更广[1]。
[例2] However,after adjustment for observation time, the age at diagnosis decreased.
然而,观察时间调整后,诊断年龄减小了[2]。
[例3] The effect of H/RZ on tuberculosis diminished over time.H/RZ对结核病的效果随时间延长逐渐降低[3]。
[例4] The combined use of the three Markers increased sensitivity to 87%, which reached100% in patients with positive preoperative levels.标记物联合应用后敏感性达87%,术前阳性者达100%[4]。
[例5] Compared with the saturated fat di-et, flow_mediated dilatation increased during the Mediterranean diet but not during the NCEP_1 diet.与饱和脂肪酸饮食组相比,地中海饮食组的流动介导的血管扩张增加,而NCEP_1组未增加[5]。
[例6]After excision of SV40Tag, DNA synthesis fell by 90%.切除SV40Tag后,DNA合成减少了90%[6]。

2．　组间对照的描述
用于实验组与对照组相互比较,或实验组之间相互比较。在描述比较方法时最常用的标志词为compare。
[例7] Standardized incidence ratios were calculated to compare the incidence of malignant disease in patients with inflammatory myopathy and the general population.计算标准化发病率比较炎性肌病患者和普通人群恶性病的发病率[7]。
在描述比较的结果时,根据结果有无统计学差异及差异大小分为下面几种情况。

2.1结果无统计学差异,用be similar,did not differ, be not different, had no difference等表示
[例8] In hospitalized patients, performance on Piagetian tasks of judgment was similarto that among children younger than 10 years of age.住院患者Piagetian题目的完成情况与小于10岁的儿童类似[8]。
[例9] Patients with Karnofsky scores greater than 50did not perform differently than controls.　Karnofsky评分高于50的患者的答题正确率与对照组的无区别[8]。
[例10] The level of chimerism did not differ between patients and controls either in blood or in liver.患者和对照者的外周血或肝内的嵌和性水平均无差异[9]。
[例11]There was no significant differencebetween the tuberculosis rates in the H andRZ groups at any time. H组和RZ组的结核病发病率在任何时间都无显著差异[10]。

2.2结果有差异,但不直接说明孰高孰低,而是客观地交待数值,句中常含有表示转折或比较的词,如but,however,versus等
[例12] Male cells were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one healthy control at a level of 1 male cell per 10(6) female cells,but were not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with primary biliary cirrhosis.一个健康对照者外周血单个核细胞中每1/10(6)个雌性细胞可以检测到1个含Y_染色体的细胞,但原发性胆汁性肝硬化女性患者外周血单个核细胞中未检测到[11]。
[例13] In all, 86.5% of these polyps were precisely diagnosed by EUS.However, only51.7% were diagnosed by US.　EUS诊断胆囊息肉的准确率为86. 5%, US仅为51.7%[12]。
[例14] The median number of operations was one for women who had stereotactic biopsy versus two for women who had diagnosti本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。