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摘要：In WPM model, W means "Windowing of Attention"; P means "Prominence Principle" and M means "Metaphor". This study finds that only by integrating W, P and M can we provide a more reasonable explanation for PATH of motion verbs. Based on BNC corpus, we also investigate the co-occurrence of the 10 motion verbs and the prepositions following them in order to provide data for analyzing path windowing.

WPM analysis of English Path windowing in motion event: rethinking windowing of attention theory
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Scope and Motivation of the Study
The American cognitive linguist Leonard Talmy (1985) has put forward the Event Frame Theory, which was developed from Fillmore's Frame Theory. Talmy proposes five kinds of event frames, which include motion event frame, causation event frame, cyclic event frame, participant event frame, and interrelationship event frame. Talmy has studied the motion event frame emphatically, and our research will take this kind of event frame as research object. There are six cognitive factors in motion event frame. Four of them, i.e. FIGUREI, GROUND, MOTION and PATH are the central ingredients. The other two factors, i.e. CAUSE and MANNER, are incidental. PATH is one of the most central ingredients in motion event frame. It establishes the relation among FIGURE, GROUND and MOTION. Therefore, it is the most important ingredient in motion event frame with a kind of framing function.The PATH factor is mainly represented by English preposition at level.Talmy has also studied the lexicalization pattern of these semantic factors, and then proposes a new distinctive standard of language typology. He subsumes the world language into two kinds, that is, satellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages. For example, English is satellite-framed language, while French is verb-framed language.
Talmy (1996) puts forward the Windowing of Attention Theory based on his Event Frame Theory. In Windowing of Attention Theory, the cognitive process of foregrounding certain parts within event frame is analyzed by means of Event Frame analysis. It suggests that in communication the speaker can foreground some parts of the event frame by means of explicit linguistic expression, the process of which is called opening the attention windowing. Corresponding to the five kinds of event frames, Talmy proposes five kinds of windowings, i.e. path windowing, causal-chain windowing,   phase   windowing,   participant-interaction   windowing   and interrelationship windowing. The research object of the present paper is the path windowing in motion event frame. In motion event frame, the place adverb (prepositional phrase) is regarded as the representation of the semantic factor PATH, for example:
The crate that was in the aircraft's cargo bay fell out of the airplane.
                      out of the airplane一initial windowing
The crate that was in the aircraft's cargo bay fell through the air.
                      through the air一medial windowing
The crate that was in the aircraft's cargo bay fell into the ocean.
                      into the ocean一final windowing
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