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本章是整篇论文的总体介绍。首先介绍后台运行的研究，明确本研究的意义，然后提出了论文大纲。This chapter is a general introduction to the whole thesis. It first introduces thebackground of the research and makes clear the significance of the present study, and thenpresents the outline of the thesis.

1.1 Background of the Research
近年来，以书面话语语言学家的兴趣逐渐转移其外注重传统观念维人际（海兰，2004）。产生一个文本由作家不是简单地传达信息或代表外部的现实。作家也借鉴他们的读者，并设法激励他们跟随的话语。汤普森和影视及娱乐事务管理处（1995:103）所倡导的一大特色相互关系的是“投影读者在文本与谁请读者识别或收敛”。为了有效的沟通，他们需要预见到收件人的期望和利益，并试图把他们在他们展开文本。因此，写作看作是社会和作家和读者之间的交际过程（海兰，2005年c）。文学作家如何承认存在读者的研究相对忽视。大多数研究一直致力于作家如何自己投射到其文本和传达跨学科（唐和约翰，1999年的命题和读者的态度;海仑，1999年，2001B，2002C;伊万尼奇和营地，2001; BIBER2006）或跨文化（2001年Vassileva，达尔，2004年马丁内斯，2005年穆尔由于2007年谢尔顿 - 2009年）。In recent years, the interest of linguists in written discourse is gradually shifting fromthe traditional focus on ideational dimension to the interpersonal one (Hyland, 2004). Atext produced by writers is not simply to convey information or to represent an externalreality. Writers also draw their readers in and try to motivate them to follow along thediscourse. As advocated by Thompson and Thetela (1995:103), a major feature ofinteraction is "to project a reader-in-the-text with whom the reader is invited to identify orconverge". In order to communicate effectively, they need to anticipate their addressees’expectations and interests and attempt to bring them in their unfolding text. Writing is,therefore, viewed as a social and communicative process between writers and readers(Hyland, 2005c).The studies on how writers acknowledge the presence of readers are relativelyneglected in literature. Most of the studies have been dedicated to how writers projectthemselves into their texts and convey an attitude towards both propositions and readerseither across disciplines (Tang and John, 1999; Hyland, 1999, 2001b, 2002c; Ivanic andCamps, 2001; Biber, 2006) or across cultures (Vassileva, 2001; Dahl, 2004; Martinez, 2005;Mur Due as, 2007; Shelden, 2009).
There are some studies (Webber, 1994; Swales et. al, 1998; Hyland, 2001a. 2002c,2002d; 2005a, 2005b; Fortanet, 2004) devoted to the research of reader engagement inacademic discourse. Because of these studies, academic discourse has come to be seen as apersuasive endeavor involving interactions between writers and readers and readers asactive participants in the unfolding text.Hyland (2005b), who has proposed an interactional model of stance and engagement,is the pioneer researcher and one of the most cited scholars in reader engagement in writing. The present study will adopt Hyland’s analytical framework of engagement, theengagement resources of reader pronouns, directives, questions, appeals to sharedknowledge and personal asides that he has put forward as well as his definition of readerengagement as “the bundle of rhetorical strategies writers use to recognize the presence oftheir readers to bring them explicitly into their texts” (2005: 365).Previous studies on reader engagement have predominately focused on “expert” textsin academic discourse (Hyland, 2005a) while less attention is given to EFL/ESL students’essay writing (Coffin & Hewings, 2004) though the manipulation of this kind ofinterpersonal meaning could pose a considerable challenge to non-native English speakingcollege students (Hyland, 2004: 7).The analysis of EFL/ESL written texts is sometimes in comparison with those of thenative English speakers. Hinkel (2002) 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。