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贫穷和人口增长的关系 [2]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-16编辑:yangcheng点击率:9964

论文字数:4055论文编号:org201408292201405885语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

关键词:贫穷人口增长关系环境承载能力留学生论文

摘要:贫穷是当今社会面临的最大问题之一,本文就是一篇分析贫穷和人口增长的关系的一篇作文,贫困和人口增长是相互关联的,不断增长的人口对环境的承载能力的影响正在不断凸显,面对这些问题,我们应该采取可靠的方法。

overty in order to focus on the key aspects of poverty. Nolan and Whelan (1996) follow the view that poverty is an inability of an individual to participate in society, but go on further to say that this “inability to participate [is] owing to lack of resources’ (1996: 188). There are a number of other differing points when defining poverty other than broad versus narrow, other definition aspects include inter alia income versus living standards, absolute versus relative poverty and expert versus public opinion of poverty. After many years of research, there is no universally accepted definition of poverty. This adds further complexities to the understanding of poverty and its related concepts. The way in which poverty is defined is crucial to understanding the causes, impacts and may yield varying policy recommendations (Lister, 2004).

 

In many countries the conventional method of defining poverty is via the poverty line, individuals with a monthly income below a certain level are considered to be living in poverty. This method is often referred to as the indirect definition of poverty (Ringen, 1988). The direct definition of poverty can be defined as a set of indicators or an index.

 

Developing countries by definition are less-prosperous countries, with lower levels of well-being. This indicates the existence of a significant level of poverty amongst these countries. Todaro and Smith (2006:810) describe developing nations as “mainly characterized by low levels of living, high rates of population growth, low income per capita, and general economic and technological dependence on developed economies.”

 

Population growth

 

Natural population growth occurs when the birth rate of a country is greater than the death rate. A countries population growth rate incorporates migration with these natural increases; however this is merely a movement of people and does not contribute to the growth of population as a whole. Rising population rates becomes deemed overpopulation when the ratio of the population to the available resources becomes unsustainable.

 

Some of the traditional economists such as Malthus (1978) suggest that population growth naturally occurs at a greater rate than nature is able to sustain. He believes that if nothing is done to constrain this growth, population levels will eventually reach resource limits and overpopulation will occur. Although Malthus was criticised for not taking into account the impact of technology on food production, he provided the framework for many of the later works relating to population growth.

 

In a study conducted by the United Nations Environment Programme (2007) it was established that the current consumption of resources by the human population has exceeded the available resources. “Each person on Earth now requires a third more land to supply his or her needs than the planet can supply.' This stu论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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