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commercialization and encouragement of research for which dedicated institutions are required but no such institution exists so far.

Next National Research Program for Universities (NRPU), this program is deemed to provide financial assistance to researches, but for approval for this there is lengthy procedure of six or more months, and if you practically go to HEC site for obtaining information on this you will find that the main links don’t open up!! Below we have mentioned a number of policies and actions that can be taken be taken by the government of Pakistan, while taking in to consideration the legislations and policies of the much prosperous countries.

CHAPTER 5

5. Suggestions

After analyzing the developments made by the developed nations of West and the Asian nations, we have come up with following suggestions that can help the policy makers at macro level.

5.1 National Policy on Intellectual Property and University-Industry Technology Transfer

5.1.1 Creation of Intellectual Property System

Amongst the advanced countries of the world the pre-requisite for any national policy framework that aims to facilitate the transfer of technology from universities to industry via the use of intellectual property rights has been the existence of an effective intellectual property system, comprising modern legislation in the field of patents, trademarks, copyright, industrial designs and trade secrets, it is obvious that if Pakistan wants to enter in this fierce competition than it should focus in developing an efficient intellectual property system, and this should be the first priority of the government of Pakistan to develop such an IP system which would encourage the researchers and give them a feel that their property is preserved from misappropriation.

5.1.2 Legal Status for Universities

For universities to be in a position to own and manage intellectual property rights and to transfer technology to industry for commercialization, it is essential that they have the necessary legal status to do so. In a number of countries this has been observed that lengthy bureaucratic procedures requiring state owned universities to consult government committees or similar bodies prior to each patent application and/or contract negotiation, as a result of a lack of legal autonomy to conduct such activities independently, may become strong disincentives and a major obstacle to IP protection and technology transfer. In case of Pakistan Patent Act was made in 2000 and after that there was Patent Policy of 2004, just to give an idea about the number of patents registered in Pakistan, so far only 44,out of that 3 in 2009, 3 in 2008, and the highest were in 2005 only 5 Patents, this indicates the level of research in Pakistan, which is very low compared with our neighboring Asian countries but on the other hand this indicate the fact that there has been no initiative taken in his respect for the encouragement of researchers, so we propose that those universities in which research is conducted should be given legal status, this in result would encourage the researchers and will give them a sense of ownership of their work and would also encourage them to not only get benefit out of it for themselves but this would also benefit the society in the broader perspective and will be very helpful in the growth of t