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e tacit knowledgetransfer of corporate R&D team from theoretical and practical aspects, which not onlydeepens the research in related fields such as knowledge ecological theory and tacit knowledge transfer of corporate R&D team, but also has great significance in theapplied research of knowledge ecological system theory and the optimization of thetacit knowledge management of corporate R&D team.
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Chapter Two literature review

This chapter intends to describe the literature review concerning knowledge ecologyand tacit knowledge transfer. A lot of overseas or domestic scholars had put forwardtheir knowledge ecology and knowledge transfer theories, which brought thedevelopment of knowledge ecology and enriched knowledge transfer studies. Thischapter begins with a review of studies on knowledge ecology and knowledgeecological system. A review of knowledge transfer studies, especially the one on tacitknowledge transfer in corporation is also presented. From the review of these research,the author will point out characteristics of those previous studies on corporate tacitknowledge transfer from the perspective of knowledge ecology. As a result,comprehensive research concerning mechanism and patterns of corporate tacitknowledge transfer on the basis of knowledge ecology is needed and all thesediscussions will help on the establishment of this present study.

2.1 Knowledge Ecology Theory
The first scholar who coined a specific definition of Ecology was a Germanbiologist, Haeckel. He defined Ecology as “a science to study all relationships of theorganisms and their environment” (Haeckel, 1866). The concept of “knowledgeecology” was proposed by George Pór (2000). He thought that knowledge ecology isthe inheritance and development of information ecology, and is the ramification ofknowledge management. George identifies knowledge ecology as an interdisciplinarystudy. It researches the relationships, tools and methods that simultaneously create,integrate, share and use knowledge. The learning, design and improvement ofindividual and organizational knowledge ecosystems are the focus of knowledgeecology (George, 2000).The theory of knowledge ecology was further extended by Shrivastava (1998)，who argues that organizational knowledge process involves knowledge creation,distribution, exchange and use, including the management of the organizationintellectual property. The best metaphor for these processes is ecology andecosystem. These knowledge ecosystems have input, production capacity and output,and they maintain an open exchange relationship with the environment. Further,according to Malhotra (2002), knowledge ecology of organizational system is aninterpretation of the actions, executions and adaptations of self-regulating system. Itconsists of knowledge nodes, knowledge transfer and knowledge flow. In knowledgeecology, the basis of cooperation and survival is the difference and similarity ofknowledge nodes.
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2.2 Corporate Tacit Knowledge Transfer
The concept of tacit knowledge originated from Michael Polanyi’s book, Thetacit dimension (Polanyi, 1967). He believed that tacit knowledge is different fromformal and objective knowledge. It is deeply rooted in human minds and is closelyrelated to idea, feeling, intuition, mindset, and emotion. Polanyi’s work laid afoundation for the study of tacit knowledge transfer. Although there is not such ano