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1．复杂定语从句的概念
所谓复杂的定语从句，是指一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。这类定语从句在结构上与先行词的关系比较复杂。英语翻译论文排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：（1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack。（翻译为：三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象）在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：signs 是：被修饰的名词；that是：关系词 that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 是定语从句。（2）those who drink a lot （翻译为：那些大量饮酒的人）
2．复杂定语从句的分类及翻译方法
2.1 自由式定语从句
自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。如：
Thus the Arab Uma yyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.
译为：人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；伍麦叶王朝曾于661 年从麦地那迁都大马士革。该句中由 which 和 that 引出两个定语从句，分别修饰做主语用的the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs 和作宾语用的 a parasitic clique，翻译时一个被译成并列句，一个被译成定语。
2.2 嵌套式定语从句
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。因此，其翻译也与简单的定语从句相同。这里也仅举一例加以说明：
Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central asinan homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs。译为：同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。该句中有两个定语从句，即在由 who 引出的定语从句中又套了一个由where 引出的定语从句。翻译时，可按翻译简单的定语从句的方法。这里，两者均被译成了并列句，分别修饰先行词 the Seljuk Turks 和 the Islamic Empire。
2.3 并列式定语从句
并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况.
.This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace –Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans。这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871 年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。
2.4 一主二仆式定语从句
一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：
2.4.1 译成定语
可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。… and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques,by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power。 ……古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history. 近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）
2.4.2 译成并列句
可以把两个定语从句简单地译成一个并列句，也可以把它们译成两个分开的并列句，用来表示并列、转折或先后顺序等关系：Consequently the manor was a self -sufficient vilage that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.
因而，采邑是靠农奴经营的自足自给予的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活教俗封建集团。（一个并列句）
Not Surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.
毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。（两个并列句）This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis Khan"s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.
成吉思汗的孙子旭烈兀所取得的伟大胜利，助长了这一希望。旭烈兀是个佛教徒，而他的妻子是基督教徒。（两个并列句，表示转折关系）
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