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One Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study
In the trend of globalization, culture exchange has become more frequent. Insuch circumstance, translation, a kind of cross-cultural communication activity, playsa significant role in the transmission of different cultures. It is “the transfer ofthoughts and ideas from a source language to a target language.”(Moore, 1992)Since 1970s, translation become culture-oriented, it is more regarded as culturetransfer than simply linguistic transfer. In the history of cultural interaction andcollision between China and other western countries, the translation of classics hasoccupied a central role and a large number of translated works have been published.The translation and transmission of the Chinese classics can help the world to knowthe spirituality and the thinking system of our Chinese and also increase theinfluence of Chinese culture in the world.The Analects (also known as The Analects of Confucius), one of therepresentatives of Confucian works, is the essence of ancient Chinese civilizationand is regarded as the Chinese Bible. No matter in ideology or in politics, ineducation or in literature, in ancient times or in modern times, The Analects has afar-reaching impact on Chinese society. Due to its prestigious position, The Analectsis one of the earliest Chinese classics that have been translated. As early as the end of16th centry, The Analects was translated in many foreign languages, such asJapanese, Korean, Latin, English, French, Italian, etc. and has been studied forthousands of years by scholars both at home and aboard. Some western scholarseven take Confucianism as “one of the five gems of ideology along with Christianity,Muslims, Buddhism and Islamism”(General Description of Five Classics and FourBooks, 1995)
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1.2 Significance of the Study
Nowadays, with the flourishing and popularity of Confucianism at home andaboard, more and more attentions have been paid to The Analects. It has presented itsunfailing vitality and enchantment throughout centuries. Previous studies on TheAnalects mainly focused on the comparison of different English versions onlinguistic level or analyzed different strategies and methods that adopted intranslations such as foreignization and domestication. However, few of them gaveconsideration to the interculture communication and cultural transmission intranslating such a classic.The paper adopts a new cultural transmission theory--memetics to study thetranslation and transmission of The Analects. Based on memetics, this thesisredefines translation. It explains how The Analects spreads far and wide inEnglish-speaking countries and why different translation versions appear in differentphases. By studying the diachronic process of different English translation versions,a schema of the translation and transmission of The Analects from the perspective ofmemetics will be put forward, which will enrich the studies of the English translationof The Analects.
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Part Two Literature Review

2.1 Introduction to Confucius and The Analects
Confucius is described, by Sima Qian (the great historiographer in Han Dynasty)and other sources, as “having endured a poverty-stricken and humiliating youth andbeen forced, upon reaching manhood, to undertake such petty jobs as accounting andcaring for livestock.”(Durrant,1995) Although Confucius had a p本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。