英语论文网

1. Introduction
Free surface fluctuat ion call ed liqui d sloshi ng is the most promi nent phen omenon of liquid motion in either stationary or moving tanks subject to forced external pertur bations . Repre sentative examples can be found from liquefied na tural gas (LNG) carriers in shipping service and aboveground liquid-storage containers excited by earthqu ake wave [1]. When the liquid sloshing occurs, hydrodynamic forces actin g on the container display the severe fluctuation in their magnitudes and distributions. Moreover, an excessive liquid sloshing may cause the structural failure or/and the manipulation loss, an d whi ch frequently leads to the tremendous loss of human, economic and environm ental resourc es.

1引言

自由表面的波动称为液sloshi NG是最突出现象的液体运动，无论是固定的或移动的坦克被强制外部扰动的需要。代表性的例子可以发现，从液化天然气（LNG）船航运服务和地上储液容器的地震波激发的[ 1 ]。当液体晃动时，流体动力肌动蛋白G在容器显示严重的波动在它们的大小和分布。此外，过多的液体晃动可能导致结构失效或/和操纵的损失，和其经常导致人类的巨大损失，经济和环境资源。

In view of this critical effect of the liqui d sloshi ng on liquid–str ucture interacti on syst ems, very intensive research efforts have be en made to suppress it from several de cades ago [2,3 ], a s a resul t, a num ber of passive devices for supp ressing the liquid motio n hav e been devise d. Among them, the flexible baffle manufa ctured usually with meta l is be ing wi dely used thank s to the practical convenience and the flexibl e adjustmen t in its install ation to the con tainer. How ever, the suppress ion effici ency of baffle is strong ly affected by severa l de sign pa rameters, pa rticular ly the inst allation height and the opening wi dth of ba ffle, as demonst rated through our previous works related [4,5]. Moreo ver, the suit able values of baffle parame ters are dep endent of the pro blem under consider ation, so that the determ ination of ap propria te baffle parame ters nee ds to be made based upon the suffici ent parame tric invest igation on the liquid sloshi ng in baffled tank.

As is wid ely known , liquid sloshi ng, as a repres entative exampl e of fluid –structure interacti ons, is an intrinsi c nonlinear prob lem in whi ch the free surfa ce con figuratio n is not known a priori. This nonl inearity becomes higher when baffles are intr oduced as well as when the excit ation frequency is close to the na tural sloshing frequenci es or the excita tion a mplitude is large . Neverthele ss, to the best of our literat ure survey, the early studi es before 1970s had relied on the linear theory with the assum ption of smal l ampli tude sloshing [6,7]. Ho wever, after mid 1970s, active studi es for developi ng the num erical techni ques have been made to success fully implement the nonlinear fluid–st ructure inter action problem s [8–15] .

The main concern in the num erical impl ement ation of fluid –structure inter actio ns exhibi ting a remark able problem nonlinear ity has focused on the insura nce of the numeri cal stabili ty an d accuracy . Because the excess ive dist ortion of fluid eleme nts causes the num erical instabil ity or even the compu tation incompl eteness [16] , and a smal l error in the time integ ration accumul ates wi th time stage . Meanw hile, the choice of stat e va riables (i.e. the unde rlying governi ng equati ons) and the c ontinuity constr aint enf本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。