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1. Introduction
Free surface sloshing in a moving container is associated with various Engineering problems, such as tank trucks on highways, liquid oscillations in large storage tanks caused by earthquakes, sloshing of liquid cargo in ocean-going vessels and the motion of liquid fuel in aircraft and spacecraft. It is known that partially filled tanks are prone to violent sloshing under certain motions, especially when near-resonant excitation occurs. The large liquid movement creates highly localized impact pressures on tank walls, which in turn cause structural damage and may even create moments that affect the stability of the vehicle, which carries the container. Sloshing waves in moving tanks have been studied numeri-cally, theoretically and experimentally in the past several decades and many significant phenomena have been considered in those studies, especially the linear and nonlinear effects of sloshing for both inviscid and viscous liquids. Most reported studies involved tanks excited by limited excitation directions and with a fixed excitation frequency throughout the excitation.

1 引言

自由表面在一个移动的容器的晃动与各种相关的工程问题，如坦克车在公路上，地震造成的大型储罐的液体晃动液体振荡，货物在远洋船舶和飞机和航天器中的液体燃料的运动。它是已知的，部分填充的坦克，容易发生猛烈晃动在一定的运动，特别是当发生近共振激发。大型液体运动创造了高度本地化的冲击压力罐壁，从而造成结构破坏，甚至可能造成影响的车辆稳定性的时刻，它携带的容器。晃动波在移动坦克进行了理论和数值，在过去的几十年中，许多重要现象的实验已在这些研究中，尤其是非粘性和粘性液体晃动的线性和非线性效应。大多数研究报告涉及的公司激励方向坦克兴奋和与一个固定的激励频率在激励。

In reality, as the tank is excited by accelerations due to an earthquake or waves, the excitation directions include multi-degrees of freedom (surge/sway/heave/pitch/roll/yaw) and the excitation frequency also varies with time. The potential formulation of the roblem is often used in studying sloshing, for example Ockendon et al. (1996)among others. The most distinguished analytical works are Faltinsen’s series of studies (Faltinsen, 1978; Faltinsen and Timokha, 2001, 2002 ) for sloshing fluids in 2D tanks and Faltinsen et al. (2005) where their asymptotic modal system is extended to model nonlinear sloshing in a 3D rectangular tank. Besides the potential flow approaches, many numerical studies (computa-tional fluid dynamics) of the problems with primitive variables have been made. These have focused particularly on the fully nonlinear free surface effects. Many papers give successful examples for two-dimensional sloshing (see, for instance, Chen and Chiang, 1999a ; Celebi and Akyildiz, 2002; Turnbull et al., 2003; Aliabadi et al., 2003 ; Frandsen, 2004; Chen and Nokes, 2005; Wu, 2007) and for three-dimensional sloshing (Wu et al., 1998; Kim, 2001 ; Akyildiz and U nal, 2005, 2006; Kim et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2007a, b). The reported techniques for handling a wavy-free surface include VOF, SOLA, SURF and also the s-transforma-tion technique to stretch the grid from the bed to surface.

However, the 3D numerical simulation of fluid sloshing in a tank is still very limited. In the present study, a 3D tank with different ratios of depth/excitation amplitude, multiple degrees of freedom of excitation and excitation frequencies are considered. In this three-dimensional model, we develop a 3D time-indepen-dent finite difference method to incorporate the incompressible and inviscid Navier–Stokes equations, fully nonlinear kinematic 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。