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er with failure is also assessed; therefore, a second aspect of this theory was built. In the research patterns of behavior were found those can help a person to become a leader or create leadership style. Four areas of leadership style are discussed below:

Concern for People
As per the name in this style of leadership leaders aimed to solve problems of his followers and always concern about their needs, betterment and development.

Concern of Task
This style of leadership express that the leader will emphasis on the level of productivity and achievement. Here leaders generally organize people and do the work to attain the specific goals and objectives.

Directive Leadership
In this style of leadership leaders become important to his followers and he always expects that the followers will act according to his decision.

Participative Leadership
The leader invites employees to provide input to decisions, and seriously seeks to use their suggestions as final decisions are made.

Participative Theories:
In this style leaders decentralize the authority. Participative decisions are not unilateral, as with the autocrat, because they use inputs from followers and participation by them. The leader and group are acting as a social unit. Employees are informed about conditions affecting their jobs and encouraged to express their ideas, make suggestions and take action.

Transactional Theories:
According to the transactional theories the leaders focus on the organizational and group performance, productivity and the role of supervision. This theory believes that rewards and punishment can attain the organizational objectives and goals. If the employees successfully accomplish their works they get rewards otherwise they get punished.

Transformational Theories:
Transformational leadership theories emphasis on the relation between leaders and followers this is also known as relationship theory. Transformational leaders focus on the helping group members and give importance on the good of the task. These leaders always try to increase the group performance and help the members for achieving the efficiency. Transformational leaders possess high ethical and moral standards.

Task 2 任务2
Literature Review 文献综述
In leadership we need to consider the leaders identification skills, competencies and capacities. Here in this section we will discuss about the leadership, management and leadership, and leadership theories

Earlier leadership discussion focused on the individual characteristics and traits that were often thought to be hereditary (Galton, 1869). The 'Great Man Theory' approached leadership innate the capacities, fixed and cross-contextual skills and competencies. They are reinforced by the referencing of the age old question, 'Are leaders made or born?' (Kouzes & Posner, 1995; Rifkin, 1996; Avolio, 1999).

Vestiges of this theory are still apparent in some discussions of capacities today as words such as 'traits' and 'native trait' (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991; Schwartz & Pogge, 2000) surface. Clearly though, this earlier understanding of leadership focused on the leader as solitary actor, as if the followers or context had no role in the leadership situation.

Before industrial revol