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　　练习:

　　1. The writer believes that the population explosion results from

　　A an increase in birthrates.

　　B the industrial development.

　　C a decrease in death rates.

　　D cultural advances.

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures

　　A it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.

　　B infants could be left dead in times of starvation.

　　C parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.

　　D death was considered to be freedom from hardships.

　　3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?

　　A Many of them have a very hard life.

　　B They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.

　　C They rely mainly on their children for financial support.

　　D Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.

　　4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to

　　A the need to prolong the lives of old people.

　　B the need to enrich the life of the retired people.

　　C the need to build profit-making nursing homes.

　　D the need to take care of a sick and weak person.

　　5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?

　　A Sympathetic.

　　B Unfriendly.

　　C Optimistic.

　　D Critical.

　　答案与题解 :

　　1. C 第一段最后一句说： In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. 事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导数了人口爆炸。因此，选项 C是正确答案。

　　2. B 第二段第四句说： In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. 在灾年，可能会容忍婴儿死亡，因为，如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。因此，选项 B是正确的答案。

　　3. A 第二段倒数第二句是这么说的：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. (在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。)可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而选项A是正确的答案。

　　4. D 第三段第三句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. (当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。)"this need" 出现在下面这个短语中："To meet this need"(为了满足这种需要)，它指句子前面的care for a sick or weak person。这正是选项D表达的意思。

　　5. D文章昀后一句说 : … most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死的人的"垃饭场"，所谓的"照顾"都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的。作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项 D是正确答案。