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in Real-time Conversations 30
3.1 Language Identity 30
3.1.1 Theory of Language Identity 30
3.1.2 Analysis of speech rate 31
3.2 Sociocultural Aspect of Language 35
3.2.1 Sociocultural Theory 35
3.2.2 Analysis of choice of words in the free conversation 37
3.3 Language Socialization 40
Chapter 4 – From the Psycholinguistic Perspective to Analyze the Difficulties in Real-time Conversations 41
4.1 The Features of Spoken Language 41
4.1.1 Four Features of Spoken Language 41
4.1.2 3I Learning Model 42
4.2 The Cognitive Processes of Spoken Language 44
4.2.1 Basic Psychological Factors Affecting NS-NNS communication 44
4.2.2 Analysis of non-verbal behavior 48
4.3 Psychological Differences of Learners 50
Chapter 5 – Discussion and Conclusion 54
Bibliography 56

 
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Research background
Nowadays the world is characterized by an increasingly growing number of contacts, which result in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Communication takes place in different situations and in different ways. In communication, people carry with them their own linguistic and cultural features and these features are shown in their interpersonal communication. Many researches onhttps://www.51lunwen.org/ResearchProposal/2012/0614/1437412717.html  intercultural communication have been conducted, some important findings have been obtained, and some theories have been formed, such as Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability, Ting-Toomey’s Face-Negotiation Theory, Kim’s Conversational Constraints Theory, and Giles et al.’s Communication Accommodation Theory and so on (Gudykunst et al., 2005, p.8-14).

 

Bibliography
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An Introduction to Intercultural Communication (2009).

Bailey, K.M. (1983). Competitiveness and anxiety in adult second language learning: looking at and through the diary studies. In H.W. Seliger and M.H. Long (Eds.). Classroom Oriented Research in Second Languages. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 67-103.

Banathy, B., Trager, E. and Waddle, C. (1966). The use of contrastive data in foreign language course development. In A. Valdman (Ed.), Trends in Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill, 35-56.

Barker, L.L. (1987). Communication: Fourth edition. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Beebe, L.M. and Giles, H. (1984). Speech-accommodation theories: A discussion in terms of second-language acquisition. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 46, 5-32.

Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Henry Holt.

Brown, H.D. (1987). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2nd edn. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Buller, D.B. and Aune, R.K. (1988). The effects of vocalics and nonverbal sensitivity on compliance: A speech accommodation theory explanation. Human Communication Research, 14, 301-332.

Carroll, J. (1968). Contrastive Analysis and Interference Theory, In James Alatis (Ed.), Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics 19th Annual Round table. Washington: Georgetown Univ. Press.

Chihara, T. and Oller, J. (1978). Attitudes and attained proficiency in EFL: a sociolinguistic study of adult Japanese speakers. Language Learning, 28.

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