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3.1.1 Introduction to Skopos Theory

The Skopos theory,a classic translation theory,was proposed by Germantranslation theorists Hans Vermeer in the late 1970s.Skopos theory applies the concept of“Skopos”to translation.Skopos,derived from the Greek,is synonymous with“purpose”and it is the core concept of the Skopos theory and plays a major role in the translationprocess.

In the 1970s,functional translation theory was developed in Germany.Then,in1978,Hans Vermeer proposed the Skopos theory that would free translation studies fromthe constraints of prose.In this theory,based on the original sentence,translation isregarded as a purposeful and fruitful act,which must be completed through discussion.Translation must follow a series of rules,and the first rule is the Skopos rule(Vermeer,1989).In other words,translation depends on the purpose of translation,and translatorsneed to adopt corresponding translation strategies according to different translationpurposes(Nord,2001).

4 Conclusion

4.1 Major Findings

The selected text(expert)named Plastic Soup:An Atlas of Ocean Pollutionincludes a lot of cohesive devices especially the grammatical cohesion.After translatingthe translation practice,the translator further studies the grammatical cohesion and theSkopos theory which is used to guide the translation.In this report,the most importantthing is to classify the classification of grammatical cohesion and study the propertranslation methods to address the translation difficulties.During the translation,severaltranslation methods are adopted to addressing the translation difficulties of grammaticalcohesion,which involves the contextualization,repetition,addition and omission.Withthese translation methods,the target language is read with strong coherence andreadability.

When translating the reference,the translator should consider the whole paragraphto ensure the true meaning of the special words or expression.So when translatorencounters the reference,contextualization translation methods was adopted.Only thewhole context was considered,the target language will become more understandable.Inaddition,when encountering the substitution,the translation methods repetition couldhelp the reader understand the source language more clearly.In this way,the specific meaning is repeated with the same expression involved in the related text.If thissubstitution wasn’t cleared,readers may misunderstand or the target language may beunreadable.What’s more,when the translator encounter conjunction,addition andomission could be adopted.Sometimes literal translation will make the translation appearrigid,and the language of the translation will not be smooth,which will affect thecoherence of the translation and thus affect the quality of the translation.Therefore,in thetranslation process of connection,the translation quality should be improved by properuse of additional translation and spare translation.

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