英语论文网

nt impacts on economic development in different regions. In particular, the labor inflow broadens regional economic disparity whereas labor outflow narrows regional economic disparity.

Section 2B (English) Labor Markets of OECD Countries (I): Public Policy
[1] "Does the Impact of Welfare to Work Depend on the State of the Labor Market? The Case of the UK New Deal for Young People"
“从福利到就业”政策的影响是否依赖于劳动力市场形势：英联邦对年轻人新政的案例研究)
Duncan McVicar, Queen's University Belfast, UK
Jan Podivinsky, University of Southampton, UK (英国南安普敦大学)
Abstract: There is much debate, but surprisingly little evidence, concerning the impact of primarily supply side Welfare to Work programmes in labor markets characterised by weak labor demand. The usual argument is that we might expect Welfare to Work measures to have greater impacts in tight labor markets than in slack ones because more (and perhaps better) job vacancies exist. On the other hand, the added value of such programmes may be lower in tighter labor markets. There may also be heterogeneous programme impacts if the characteristics of the unemployed differ across labor markets. In this paper we explore whether a compulsory Welfare to Work programme for unemployed young people introduced in 1998 – the UK New Deal for Young People – has had differential impacts on the probability of unemployment exits in different local labor markets. Our results show this to be the case, with the programme impact on the hazard rate for exits from unemployment increasing with the local unemployment rate. Disaggregating exits by destinations, however, shows that there exists a negative (positive) relationship between local unemployment rates and the size of the programme impact on the probability of exit to employment (inactivity).
摘要：在劳动力市场中，把福利对工作计划的影响以弱劳动力需求描述是很有争议，且很少有事实根据的。通常，我们预期在密集的劳动力市场中，福利对工作具有更大的影响。因为在松散的劳动力市场中，存在着更多（和或许更好）的工作空缺。另一方面，在越密集的劳动力市场中，这些工作计划的附加值可能越低。如果不同的劳动力市场具有不同的失业特征，那么同一个工作计划也可能存在不一致的影响。在本文中，我们研究了一个强制性从福利到就业政策是否对不同地区劳动力市场失业率有不同的影响，该工作计划是1998推行的针对年轻人失业的计划——英国年轻人新政。我们的结论是，随着地区失业率的上升，该工作计划对脱离失业风险率的影响也越大。但是，通过目的地来分解退出就业者，我们发现在地区失业率和该工作计划对退出就业（不就业）可能性影响的规模之间，存在一个负（正）的关系。
（翁云妹译）
[2] "Unemployment Insurance's Time-varying Impacts on Re-employment Wages"
失业保险对再就业工资的时变影响
Kailing Shen (沈凯玲), Xiamen University, China (厦门大学王亚南经济研究院)
Abstract: Whether or not Unemployment Insurance (UI) coverage actually improves unemployed workers' job match quality is an old, yet open question in the empirical studies, although job search theories often claim the positive answer. A major problem with previous research is lack of control for the endogeneity between unemployment durations and reemployment wages, which should be two outcome variables of one single optimality strategy of unemployed individuals. The reservation wage (function) of an unemployed worker should determine the distributions of both his unemployment duration as well as his reemployment wage.
In this paper, I re-examine the impact of UI coverage on reemployment wages using Canadian micro-level panel data (Survey of Labor and Income Dynamics). The log-likelihood function used here, endogenizes workers' wages dynamics, as well as their employment and unemployment durations through a random effect setup. Motivated by the literature on temporary UI coverage's time-varying impacts on reemployment process, I allow the impact of UI on r