摘要:本文是一篇对中国经济分析的加拿大论文,中国以每年8%的速度发展经济,伴随许多影响经济增长的因素,中国的经济增长的主要因素是由外国直接投资(FDI),这对其产生了显著而积极的作用。
y using R&D data show that the industry R&D of foreign firms has a positive impact on the productivity level of local firms.
Hermes and Lensink (2003) confirmed the findings of Borensztein et al (1998) using 67 Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Borensztein et al (1998) tested the impact of FDI on growth with respect to technology spillover which was labour augmented and found a positive impact between the two and concluded that the spillover effect centres on the presence of a threshold level of educated labour force.
These are positive impacts
FDI leads to a fast increase in import and export trade in China. From 1985 to 2000, the market share of China in the international trade has increased from 1.6 % to 6.1%.
FDI has created large number of job opportunities. It increased the employment rate in China. Creation of employment opportunities both directly and indirectly has been one of the most prominent impacts of FDI on the Chinese economy.
The productive value produced by companies supported by FDI has occupied a higher proportion in the gross value of industrial output (Hong Jiang, and Zhuang Zhou 2006).
When foreign-invested companies want to choose local companies as their distributors in order to broaden market channel or when their products are purchased by local companies as semi-finished products, they will build a backward industrial chain relation
The coming of FDI has brought about severe market competition which forces domestic companies to perform technological reform to improve productive efficiency. As a result the investment of domestic companies has been increasing [7]
The research and development activities performed by the foreign-invested companies have enhanced the technological spillover effects [8] Domestic companies may have increased the investments in research and development activities in order to gain competitive advantages.
Urbanisation has experienced an accelerated growth pace. Between 1978 and 2000, nation's urban population had increased from 172 to 458 million. The corresponding urban population rose from 18% to 36%.
It has also some negative impacts
The rapid expansion of FDI has increased the risks of international balance of payments. The capital surplus brought about by FDI could make up the deficit in a short term.
The long-term favourable treatments to foreign capital will lead to a spillover effect on the domestic capital. It may cause the scarcity of domestic investment demand. And that will make it hard to activate the civilian investment.
The loose supervision has caused the lost of state-owned asset and has threatened the safety of China's economy.
FDI has modified China’s industrial structure. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) lost their dominance in industry sector. Their share fell from 65 % in 1985 to 25% in 1997. Major gains in industrial structure were registered by private firms. Collectively owned enterprises became the most important category of ownership in industry (OECD-OCDE, 2000).
Regional disparities have increased as the FDI has been heavily concentrated in the coastal provinces. At the end of 1998, FDI firms' urban employment was heavily concentrated (85.76%) in the eastern region provinces, more particularly in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Sh
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