加拿大留学生知识产权论文 Intellectual Property Law [12]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-09-29编辑:zcm84984点击率:21665
论文字数:6603论文编号:org201409281316521084语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
关键词:留学生论文知识产权论文商标版权International Law EssayIPR
摘要:本文是一篇留学生知识产权论文,知识产权(IPR)津贴(专利,商标,版权),是由政府正式允许的,以及在某一段时间内提供给拥有者用自己的知识产权(IP)的限制的权利。
to developing countries of implementing the TRIPs Agreement are unreasonably high. Mexico spent over US$30 million upgrading intellectual property laws and enforcement despite starting from a higher level of implementation than is in place in most Least Developed Countries. The World Bank estimates that the total losses arising from implementing TRIPs would be as high as 10.1% of South Korea’s GDP, 1.4% of China’s GDP and 0.6% of India’s GDP (World Bank, 2002).
The huge direct costs of implementing the TRIPS Agreement, the benefits from which initially will accrue only to foreign businesses, divert limited resources away from development priorities like agriculture, health and education. According to Professor Keith Maskus , the domestic benefits of implementing TRIPs are unlikely to be realised before a country achieves a level of development represented by an average per capita income of around US$7,750 (in 1985 prices). IPRs are a socio-economic tool that create a temporary monopoly for inventor firms and enable such firms to charge prices for their innovations that are many times higher than the marginal cost of production of the innovations. This allows the inventor firms to salvage their research costs and secure a profit on their innovations.
Chapter 4: Conclusion
The drive towards stronger worldwide IP protection has intensified as a result of changes that have taken place in the global technology system, notably in the OECD countries during the past 20 years. After initial reluctance, many developing countries have accepted the TRIPS Agreement of the WTO. A number of countries have already revised their IPP laws in accordance with the demands of industrialized countries, and many more are in the process of modifying their IP systems.
In order to comply with the national IPR policies and keep up with the rapidly changing rules of the game, public research institutes in developing countries need to take up many organizational and management challenges. These challenges and options include the establishment of an IP management and technology transfer office, developing negotiation skills and bargaining power, understanding and honoring IPR legislation and agreements, and meeting the financial burden of maintaining an IPR system in a public research institute.
Intellectual property is a novel concept for many developing countries, and especially so for public research institutes. The four broad areas that need external assistance to implement the IPR framework in public research institutes were: human resources development (training and awareness creation on IPR issues, negotiation skills), research and marketing tools to value intellectual properties, institutional capacity building (establishment of an IP management office, developing
guidelines, policies,
handbooks, etc), and financial resources to meet the expenses of protecting and accessing IP technologies.
The overview of issues, concepts and challenges reinforce the importance of and need for further actions in the following areas of IP policy and management:
1. Continued technical and financial support for institutional and human resource capacity building in IPR
2. Continued research efforts to learn more about the implications of changing IPR framework in developing countries
3. Development of research and marketing tools to aid decisions relat
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