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interact face-to-face and interact frequently with each other;

make differential contributions; and strive to achieve a common goal in respect of a core task.

Belbin的团队角色分析——Belbin's team role analysis

Belbin developed what is called team role analysis. He has studied teams for many years and identified nine roles that he sees as important in teamwork. If one of these roles is not 'played', the grouping cannot be called a team, but merely a number of individuals working together (Belbin, 2000).

Belbin (1993b) describes the characteristics of each role, as well as the 'allowable weaknesses' of the roles as follows:

Plant: Creative, imaginative, unorthodox. Solves difficult problems. Ignores detail. Too pre-occupied to communicate effectively.

Co-coordinator: Mature, confident, a good chairperson. Clarifies goals, promotes decision-making, delegates well. Can often be seen as manipulative. Off-loads personal work.

Monitor Evaluator: Sober, strategic and discerning. Sees all options. Judges accurately. Lacks drive and ability to inspire others.

Implementer: Disciplined, reliable, conservative and efficient. Turns ideas into practical actions. Somewhat inflexible. Slow to respond to new possibilities.

Completer Finisher: Painstaking, conscientious, anxious. Searches out errors and omissions. Delivers on time. Inclined to worry unduly. Reluctant to delegate.

Resource Investigator: Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative. Explores opportunities. Develops contacts. Over-optimistic. Loses interest once initial enthusiasm has passed.

Shaper: Challenging, dynamic, thrives on pressure. The drive and courage to overcome obstacles. Prone to provocation. Offends people's feelings.

Team Worker: Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic. Listens, builds, averts friction. Indecisive in crunch situations.

Specialist: Single-minded, self-starting, dedicated. Provides knowledge and skills in rare supply. Contributes only on a narrow front. Dwells on technicalities.

McShane and Von Glinow (2003:241) define a team role as a 'set of behaviours that people are expected to perform because they hold certain positions in a team and organisations' (2003:241). They differentiate between task-orientated and relationship- orientated roles. They stress that team members need to ensure that all these roles are fulfilled in order to facilitate the teams to functioning optimally and effectively.

Role activities Description

Task- orientated roles

Initiator Identifies goals for the meeting

Information seeker Asks for clarification of ideas

Information giver Shares information and opinions about the teams' goals

Coordinator Coordinates subgroups and pulls together ideas

Evaluator Assesses the team's functioning against a standard

Summarizer Acts as the team's memory

Orienter Keeps the team focused on the goals

Relationship-orientated roles

Harmonizer Mediates intra group conflicts and reduces tension

Gatekeeper Encourages and facilitates participation of all team 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。