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与21世纪的音乐相比，20世纪之前的音乐十分不同。每种非洲音乐都有自己十分独特的时期与表现。西非音乐、非洲犹太人音乐，以及殖民地区的音乐，都有自己不同的乐器。

西非音乐，是非洲人民在被欧洲人俘获并贩卖到美国成为奴隶之前的流行的音乐。西非音乐的演奏方式和演奏原因都极为独特。这种音乐类型从17世纪开始有记录，此时探险者们写了一些有关于自己旅行途中所见所闻的日记。

每个西非的村庄都有自己的专业音乐家和歌手，为当地的社区群体演唱。这样的村庄都把音乐家们都做偶像一般崇拜着。由于其崇高的地位，歌手们通常都会和国王或者酋长坐在一块。

多个世纪以来，西非音乐都是围绕着农业、新国王或者酋长的上任、过去曾发生过的某件重要事情的重演等内容创作的。战争仪式、狩猎和其他的胜利庆祝场合，都会演奏特定的音乐种类。狩猎歌曲、战争歌曲、划船用曲，都是由男性表演。而女性演奏的歌曲则通常和孩子、年轻女孩、葬礼有关。西非地区庆祝的一个节日叫做Annual Customs of Dahomey，这个节日是为了表达对首都国王的尊崇。这里还有关于诉讼的歌曲音乐，在审判或是陈述辩词之前出现。

Music before the 20th century was very different when compared to the music of the 21st Century. There were distinctive occasions for each type of African music. West African music, the African Diaspora, and the music of the Colonies each had different musical instruments.

West African music was the music of the African people before the Europeans captured and sold them into slavery in the Americas. It was unique in the manner in which it was played as well as the reasons why it was played. West African music was documented around the 1600's when explorers wrote journals about what they had found while traveling.

Every West African village had its own professional musicians and singers who would perform for the community. Musicians were idolized in their villages. They normally sat with the king or chief because of their elevated status.

West African's made music for ceremonies surrounding agriculture, the crowning a new king or chief, and the reenactment of an important event that happened in the past. Special kinds of music were played during war ceremonies, hunting excursions, and other victory celebrations. Hunting songs, war songs, and boating songs were performances of men. Music performed by women was associated with children, young girls, and funerals. An example of a festival the West Africans celebrated was called the 'Annual Customs of Dahomey'. This was a festival worshiping the king of their capital. The West Africans also had music for litigation. They would come before a judge and sing or chant their argument.

Dance was also a big part in the music of West Africa. Dance was performed at ceremonies surrounding fertility, death, worship, adulthood, and other kind of certain concerns of the village.

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