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e,  including  listening  (35%),  reading  (35%), translation  (15%)  and  writing  (15%).  The  present  study  selects  listening  sub-tests  in CET-4 to explore its washback effect on non- English majors. The following is a brief description of the test purpose, test population and score report of CET-4. Test  purpose.  The  CET  Syllabus  claims  that  College  English  Test  aims  at improving  students’  English  and  facilitating  the  realization  of  objectives  of  college English  teaching  (National  College  English  Testing  Committee,  2006).  Several publications  present  that  CET-4  is  to  provide  an  objective  evaluation  of  a  student’s overall  English  proficiency  and  produces  positive  influence  on  college  English teaching  in  China  (Jin,  2005,  2006,  2008;  Jin  &  Yang,  2006;  Yang  &  Weir,  1998). Additionally, it is stated on the official CET website (www. cet.edu.cn) that the design of  College  English  Test  is  based  on  the  National  Curriculum  Requirements  for College  English  Teaching  (NCRCET),  which is  an  objective  and  accurate  evaluation of  the  English  proficiency  of  college  students  and  to  better  inform  the  English teaching of non-English majors of higher education in China (CET, 2011). However, CET-4  in  reality  has  been  used  to  serve  multiple  uses  (Liu,  2013).  Most  of  the universities  regard  it  as  a  criterion  for  graduates  to  obtain  their  BA,  and  CET-4  pass rate also relates with the teaching product evaluation and bonus of the teachers as well as the general ranks of the colleges, meanwhile, employers also take it as a standard to recruit new staff. 
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2.2 An Overview of Washback
In  applied  linguistics,  washback  or  backwash  are  interchangeable  (Alderson, 2004; Hughes, 2003). And in the early stages, researchers use ‘backwash’ to indicate the  unintended  and  negative  meaning  in  the  field  of  applied  linguistics  (Spolsky, 1996). With the advent of more theories and research, the word ‘washback’ has gained its  popularity  and  a  neutral  attitude  is  formed,  thus  both  positive  and  negative washback exist and the final purpose is to promote positive washback and reduce the negative  one  (Alderson  &  Wall,  1993;  Green,  2007;  Gu,  2007;  Hughes,  2003;  Qi, 2004).  Therefore,  Washback  will  be  adopted  in  this  thesis  except  for  those  quoted from other literature. Early  in  1988本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。