美国留学生dissertation范文:对国内杭永高速铁路和宁波产业的结构概念分析 [16]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2017-09-27编辑:anne点击率:38094
论文字数:10495论文编号:org201709121430118549语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:美国dissertation杭永高速铁路宁波产业结构Hang Yong High-Speed Railway’s
摘要:相信不久的将来,杭州宁波高速铁路将成为推动宁波城市产业结构发展的主要动力,本文介绍了国内近期铁路的发展情况和未来的展望。
ibility changes have some characteristics. The regional accessibility is fully upgraded. The indices of these three cities have been improved of different degrees. Ningbo has the largest growth rate as 39.20 percent. These figures have shown that the regional transportation convenience would be largely improved. Because of the constant development of the high-speed railway, cities will be more closely connected.
5.2 Secondary Research
5.21 Environmental impacts
High-speed Railway Technical Committee of Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS) (2012) conducted an environmental and energy assessment of the Turin Lyon High-speed rail. This study focused on passenger transport. It compared the total energy spent of different transportation patterns to carry one passenger for one kilometer, which is expressed in units of mega joules (MJ/p-km).
One of the main ecological benefits of Hang Yong High-Speed Railway would be the expected decline of pollutant emissions and the energy savings. According to the study from High-speed Railway Technical Committee of Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, they have computed the total energy spent to carry a passenger for every kilometer. A bus is the transportation pattern with the lowest energy consumption with only 0.33 MK/p-km. The worst solution is a car with only one person on board, the figure is 1.87 MK/p-km. As for the conventional intercity train, depending on load factor, this means of transportation shows a better energy performance, and the figure is ranging from 0.62 to 0.77 MK/p-km. On the contrary, the High-speed rail shows a much higher energy demand and indirect GHG emissions. The detailed figure is between 1.02 and 1.44 MK/p-km (HSR Technical Committee of CMVSS).
However, high speed railway is regarded as energy efficient. According to the Environment Law & Policy Center, this means of transportation is over five times as energy efficient as airplanes and three times as energy efficient. If people choose travel by rail instead of driving or flying, our dependence on oil will be decreased and air pollution will be reduced. Currently, major cities in the Yangtze River Delta suffer from severe haze problem, and the dense, polluted air has become a fixture in these cities. Ningbo is one of these cities. The operation of Hang Yong High-Speed Railway will decrease Ningbo’s reliance on automotive transportation. Therefore, ozone emission can be decreased.
5.22 Social impacts
What’s more, high-speed rail systems create new opportunities in many industries in the tertiary sector, such as car rental, consumer staples, retailers and brands, restaurant and catering, budget hotels and tourism. One notable sector is tourism. New, higher-speed technology with relatively low cost provides tourists with a new experience of leisure travel in China. Based on China’s rapid improvement in infrastructure and economic growth, it is estimated that tourism industry will contribute 4.5 percent of Gross Domestic Product and the number of trips per capita will increase by fifty percent in 2015Invalid source specified.. The availability of transportation is positively related with frequency of travel.
5.23 Tourism in Ningbo
According to Ningbo Tourism Bureau, in 2013, Ningbo achieved a tourist turnover of 95.354 billion RMB, the figure increased by over 10 percent comparing with the previo
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