中英死亡委婉语对比分析Death Euphemisms Between Chinese and English: A Contrastive Analysis [3]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:刘宝玲点击率:34868
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904091747052664语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:死亡委婉语文化差异Deatheuphemismculturedifference
to a perfect level. Buddhism to a successful end , he will pass away while sitting cross-legged, in a peaceful mind, which is named “坐化”(zuohua) (lit. be converted while sitting). The highest recognition for “death” in Buddhism is “登莲台”(dengliantai)(lit. to step on a Buddha’s seat in the form of a lotus flower). If one try one’s best to contribute to the others and society will live a better life after his death while if one doing evil deeds he will receive treatment after his death. So, benevolent people after death called “升天”(shengtian) (lit. to go to heaven), “成仙”(chengxian) (lit. to become immortals) or “到西天极乐世界”(daoxitianjileshijie) ( lit. to go to the western world of happiness). On the other hand, evil people will “下地狱”(xiadiyu) ( lit. to go to hell) or “见阎王”(jianyanwang) ( lit. to meet the God of death). “十八层地狱”(shibacengdiyu) ( lit. the hell which is divided into eighteen layers with different levels of tortures) is the most malicious ones where will suffer all kinds of miseries in. (张拱贵 1996)
2. Death of Monarch and Common
Chinese people behave according to their status and positions. Therefore, there are many different death euphemisms for the death of different people. The death of emperor is “崩”(beng) has its explanation, “崩,山坏也”. (“崩” is big sound produced by the explosion of mountains). The effect of the death of emperor is no less than that of the explosion of mountains. “弃朝”qichao, “弃朝臣”(qichaochen), “弃群臣”(qiqunchen), 弃臣民”(qichenmin) and “弃天下”(qitianxia) also widely used. “宫车上仙”(gongcheshangxian) (lit. the King goes to the heaven by sedan chair) and “宫车远驭”(gongcheyuanyu) (lit. The King goes to a far away place by sedan chair) are just white lies used to express the death of emperor.( 刘纯豹 1990)
The commonest practice is to compare death to sleep. “睡着了”(shuizhaole), “安”(an) and “长”(chang) are two popular words that Chinese like to use when someone dead. “百年”(bainian) and “百岁”(baisui) are used to denote the meaning of death. It is not surprising to use “断气”(duanqi), “气绝”(qijue) and “咽气”(yanqi) to refer to death. “闭眼”(biyan) and “瞑目”(mingmu) are used to refer to the death without regret.( 刘纯豹 1990)3. Death of Others
There are also death euphemisms which express the death of loyal people, death of young, death of beauty and death of others. The character “殉”(xun) which means to die for some meaningful career. “殉国”(xunguo),“殉难”(xunnan), “殉义”(xunyi) and “殉道”(xundao) are just for this case. The soldiers are not frightened by the words as “亡”(wang), “没”(mo) or “役”(yi). So “阵亡”(zhenwang) “阵没”(zhenmo) and “阵役”(zhenyi) are occurred to express the death of soldiers.(张宇平 1998)
Chinese culture are noble and immortal, Chinese scholars are indirect to compare themselves to jade which is a kind of precious stone symbolizes constancy and nobility. So “玉折”(yuzhe), “玉催”(yucui), and “玉碎”(yusui) gradually became death euphemisms to express the death of Chinese scholars. “地下修文”(dixiaxiuwen) and “修文地下”(xiuwendixia) are used to express the scholars who regard writing as their lives, even after death, they continue to writing underground. “栋梁”(dongliang) is used to the people who has talents and devoted his or her talents to the nations. Thus, the destruction of pillars connote the death of such talents people as “梁催”(liangcui) and “梁坏”(lianghuai).( 刘纯豹 1990)
Death of youth is named “夭”(yao)《释名.释桑制》explained “少壮而死曰夭, 如取物中夭也”. So “夭亡”(yaowang), “夭逝”(yaoshi), “夭殁”(yaomo) and “夭殂”(yaocu) were occurred. 《说文解字》explained “殇, 不成人也. 人年十九至十六死为长
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