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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-06-21编辑:lgg点击率:5081
论文字数:36100论文编号:org201406211138411664语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
摘要:This section illustrates the methodology of the thesis. Firstly, the research questionsof the thesis are listed and then followed by the data collection and the specific researchmethods. Lastly, the detailed research procedures are also provided.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Research
Generics, referring to sentences like “Birds fly”, “Ravens are black” (Cohen, 1999:2)are always involved in summarizing properties, regularities or characteristics of a class ofobjects or concepts, not of a specific individual. Such sentences, of simple and conciseform, are widely used in daily life and encyclopedic readings, “function as part ofpeople’s knowledge about the world” (Cohen, 1999:134). Meanwhile they demonstrate aremarkable feature of “exception-toleration”, that is, although they are widely accepted,through logical reasoning process, they seem to be contradictory in the common sense.For example, when we hear “Birds fly”, we are ready to ignore the fact that an ostrichcannot fly, and still believe that the judgment is true. Furthermore the application ofgenerics is closely related with the thought and cognition of human beings, for people’scognition of the world is mainly expressed by generic sentences. Due to the commonness,the feature of “exception-toleration” and its close relationship between thought andcognition, generics deserve a deep study.The study of the generics can date back to 17thcentury, but not until 1970s, thislanguage phenomenon aroused the wide interests of scholars in philosophy, logiclinguistics, and psychology. The logic and philosophy studies mainly focus on itsdefinition, the selection of frequency adverbs, and the truth value of the bare nounsubject in the singular and plural form. The linguistic studies primarily deal with thesemantic relations between the bare noun subject and the predicate of the subject and itspragmatic characteristics. The psychological studies provide some insights of howchildren learn generic sentences through psychological experiments. The previous studiesto generics in dealing with the key issue: why generics could tolerate exceptions can beconcluded into four types: rule-based studies; probability-based studies, cognition-basedstudies and pragmatic based studies.
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1.2 Significance of the Research
The significance of the research can be demonstrated in the following threeimportant aspects.Firstly, as what has been mentioned above, the previous accounts for genericstouched not so much on the internal cognitive mechanism of generics. Compared withthe previous research, this thesis will apply the cognitive mechanism to explore thedeeper level of generics to interpret the exception-toleration phenomenon; this study isbased on large amount of nature language facts, which enriches the study of generics; theanalysis and explanation of the implicit generics provide language support or evidencefor the view of “generic thinking”.Secondly, this research demonstrates once again the superiority of cognitivelinguistics and expands the application of the conceptual metonymy theory and proves ita great explanation power.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 A Brief Introduction to Generics
Each of the earlier definitions on generics (generic sentences) has their own point ofemphasis. The first one indicates the remarkable feature of generics that is toleratingcounterexamples. The second one tells us generics express regularity and the truth valuecan’t be judged by a particular period of time. The third one points本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。