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Dominated by the United States after World War II international financial system has undergone evolution , the evolution of each reason is to overcome its inherent flaws, but after each evolution will exhibit new defects . Recently, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis triggered by the global financial crisis , but the internal contradictions of the international financial system 's performance . Financial system and the U.S. global strategy with each other and interact . However, after the Cold War , the international situation has undergone significant change, economic globalization and world multi-polarization trend , the plight of the international financial system is difficult to resolve , leading to the outbreak of the crisis . The ongoing global financial and economic crisis means that the international financial bankruptcy of the old order and the new international political and economic order has not yet formed .

① Cold War and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system

二战后，美国凭借着无与伦比的经济军事实力，主导建立了世界金融体系，即布雷顿森林体系。布雷顿森林体系的核心是：以黄金为基础，美元直接与黄金挂钩，西方各国货币则与美元挂钩，实行固定汇率制并可按35美元/盎司的官价向美国兑换黄金。

After World War II , the U.S. economy by virtue of unparalleled military strength , leading to build the world 's financial system , that the Bretton Woods system . The core of the Bretton Woods system : gold-based dollar directly linked to gold , the Western countries with currencies pegged to the dollar , a fixed exchange rate system and may be 35 U.S. dollars / ounce official price of gold to the U.S. exchange . However, the early postwar period , Western Europe facing a serious political crisis and economic difficulties , can not afford as a freely convertible currency system based businesses to transition to expire in 1952 , the Bretton Woods system is not functioning . The development of the Cold War and the U.S. global strategy implementation , so that the system can be run only .

战后不久，美苏由同盟关系很快变为对抗争霸关系，冷战形成。1947年3月，杜鲁门总统出笼遏制战略，实施支持西欧复兴与联合的政策。根据援助西欧的马歇尔计划，从 1948到1952年短短四年间，美国共向西欧提供131.5亿美元的经济援助，英、法、意、西德得到援助总额的60%多。

Soon after the war , the Soviet Union by the alliance relationship quickly turned against the hegemony of the Cold War shape. March 1947 , President Truman came out a containment strategy , implementation support policy in Western Europe and the United revival . According to Marshall Plan assistance to Western Europe , From 1948 to 1952 four short years , Western Europe, the United States provided a total of $ 13.15 billion in economic aid , Britain, France, Italy , West Germany, to get more than 60% of total aid . On the other hand , the United States against the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact , to greatly increase troops in Western Europe , and the resulting increased defense spending . 1953-1958 U.S. $ 78.74 military spending in Western Europe , including Britain, France , West Germany, Italy and other countries in Western Europe 10 get about $ 4.632 billion . Two together ,1948 -1958 the decade , the U.S. $ 21 billion inflow to Western Europe . As a result, greatly ease the dollar shortage in Western Europe 1953-1995 1958 10 countries in Western Europe to the United States only $ 1.758 billion balance of payments deficit , Western 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。