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Abstract: England is the p ioneer in systematically using regulatory impact Assessment among the member states of OECD, and it is one of the most experienced countries in ensuring high quality regulatory. The paper reviews and discusses the historical evolvement, Assessment procedure and p rincip les, and organization establishment and assessment experience of regulatory impact assessment of England. The assessment system of England p rovides some enlightenment for China.
Key words:Regulatory ImpactAssessment; Regulatory Quality; Regulatory System

摘　要:英国是OECD成员国中系统地应用规制影响评价的先驱,也是OECD成员国中在确保高质量规制方面最有经验的国家之一。文章论述了英国规制影响评价的历史演进、评价程序与原则、机构设置及评价经验,最后得出英国规制影响评价体制对中国的一些借鉴和启示。

关键词:规制影响评价;规制质量;规制体制

Regulation Impact Assessment (Regulatory Impact Assessment, hereinafter referred to as R IA) is the effect of regulating plan for existing (including the positive and negative) and the proposed new regulation measures the possible effects of a system of evaluation method, it aim is explaining the regulation of the target, the proposal faces risks and achieve the goal of options. [1] therefore it should be clear regulation for the different groups involved the expected cost and benefits, and how to obey regulation option is reliable and can perform. Regulation impact assessment should as far as possible to consider the economic, environmental, social and distribution of the influence, not only to ensure that regulation can achieve strategic policy goal, also need to make sure that the policy is based on an adequate consultation with his client, and options of the cost and benefits is transparent. In 1995, the OECD council on improving the quality of government regulation proposal "emphasizes the regulation impact assessment system, to ensure the most efficient and the most effective policy options can be chosen. [2] 1997 years of the OECD regulation reform report will recommend the government regulation impact assessment in development with comments and regulatory reform of. [3] Britain is the earliest use of OECD nations system of national R IA. [4] after years of innovation and reform, Britain has become in the OECD nations in ensure high quality regulation in one of the countries most experience. Relative to most other OECD member, British in institutions, procedures and other regulation tool formed a effective, transparent regulation impact assessment system. Therefore, the British regulation impact assessment system for the Chinese government regulation system reform has important significance.

规制影响评价(Regulatory Impact Assessment,简称R IA)是对现有规制方案的影响(包括正面和负面的)以及拟议中的新规制措施的可能影响的一种系统评价方法,其目的主要是解释规制提案的目标、面临的风险以及实现目标的选项。[ 1 ]为此它应当明晰规制对于所涉及的不同集团的预期成本和收益,以及怎样服从规制选项是可靠的和可以执行的。规制影响评价应尽可能考虑经济、环境、社会和分配等影响,它既要确保规制能够达到战略性政策目标,也要确保政策是基于与利害关系者的充分咨询,并且选项的成本和收益是透明的。1995年,《OECD理事会关于改善政府规制质量的建议》强调了规制影响评价制度,以确保最有效率和最有效果的政策选项能够被选择。[ 2 ] 1997年的《OECD规制改革报告》推荐政府将规制影响评价结合在发展评论和规制改革当中。[ 3 ]英国是OECD成员国中最早系统使用R IA的国家。[ 4 ]经过多年的创新和改革,英国已经成为OECD成员国中在确保高质量规制方面最有经验的国家之一。相对于大多数OECD成员国,英国在机构、程序以及其他规制工具方面形成了一个有效的、透明的规制影响评价体系。因此,研究英国规制影响评价体制对中国政府规制体制的改革具有重要的借鉴意义。

一、英国规制影响评价的历史演进
1979年,英国政府开始了放松规制的改革活动。1985年的白皮书承诺,规制提案及其对企业可能的成本和影响要由起始的规制部门或机构详细审查,并且结论要由企业和放松规制小组( EDU)检查。规制部门必须为规制提案准备服从成本评价(Comp liance Cost Assessment,简称CCA,这并不是全面的R IA) ,而EDU特别小组则定期核查并做评论。[ 5 ]这一方法在随后一段时间里得到了发展。在1986年,特别小组公布了程序上的指导方针及CCA模型。指导方针要求各规制部门阐述规制提案的起因和目的及对不同类型和规模企业可能的收益和影响,是否有其他替代方法来达到同样的目标,规制怎样执行以及它的成本是多少。1990、1992 和1996年英国分别发布了服从成本评价的进一步指导细则,绝大多数服从成本评价都要求公布。在20世纪8本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。