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,(1) businesses with a turnover of R1M annually may now file VAT returns every four months instead of every two months like before (2) businesses may even make choice of submitting electronically if not willing to submit manually,(3) small business with turnover under R35 000 pay no tax

Efficiency : ensuring that the system used are more efficient, for example Introduction of small business helpdesks to assist this sector of the market and deploying community tax helpers by conducting outreach programmes as a way of trying to reach taxpayers that are far from SARS office or those don't get enough time, easily assessable.

Equity: all about ensuring fairness, clearly defined policies and procedures are in place.

企业税收制度差异——Difference between Corporate Tax Systems

经典系统——The Classical System

Is one of several different ways that the movement of income through a company could be taxed. Under this system, a company, as a separate legal entity, is regarded as a taxpayer and pays tax on its taxable income. Dividends paid by a company to shareholders are taxable to the shareholders as income from property. Among OECD countries the classical system is used, to some extent, in the USA and the Netherlands.

Before 1990, South Africa had a modified classical corporate tax system and on the recommendation done by Margo Commission (1987:204) the double taxation of dividends was abolished in 1990 when dividends become tax exempted in the hands of residents' individuals and close corporation. Subsequently the corporate tax system was changed in 1993 as away to reduce corporate tax rate without under revenue loss and encouraging companies to finance themselves through rentation. The corporate tax rate was lowered from 48% to 40% simultaneously secondary tax rate on distributed profits of 15% was introduced resulting in a maximum corporate tax rate on residents of 47,84%. In 1994 the corporate tax rate was lower further to35% and the STC raised to 25%, which marginally increased the maximum corporate tax rate on residents to 48%. Non-residents were subject to an additional non-resident (NRST) shareholders tax on distribution on normal rate of 15%. 1995 October NRST.

Double taxation is avoided by the granting of a credit to companies for dividends received from South African companies that have already been subjects to Secondary Tax on Companies; it means STC is effectively imposed on the distribution of operating profits. For example Branches of foreign companies are taxed at 35% and are exempt from secondary tax companies. In 2000 a reduced tax rate of 15% on the first R100, 000 of profit for small companies was introduced and in 2003 budget speech it was clearly outlined that total revenue threshold for qualifying as small corporate was raised from R3M to R5M and also budget introduced double deduction for the first R20,000 start-up costs for new business

完全整合——The Full Integration

Under full integration system the company is regarded as a tax accounting entity but not as a taxpayer, that means no tax is paid at the company level instead the net income of the company, whether actually distributed to shareholders or not, is included in the assessable income of shareholders on the basis of their proportionate shareholdings. In brief the corporate tax then serve the purpose o