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-dumping are used sometimes to foster a climate of uncertainty for foreign suppliers, and or a method of harassment designed to bring about changes in foreign trading practices and policies. In the same way, domestic policies and regulations may also result in a variety of impediments to trade, depending upon their intent and behavioural responses that are induced.

 

The ascend of NTMs holds special significance to developing countries like India. These countries have been encountering difficulties in accessing developed country markets because of restrictive standards, burdensome regulations, and expensive compliance costs. Therefore, it is an opportune time to reflect on the current situation regarding NTMs, to assess the extent of the problem, and to suggest policies for its ramification.

 

There is no single internationally agreed list of NTMs. In general, NTMs cover all measures affecting trade, other than tariffs, and hence any list of NTMs will be very long, and is probably continuously growing as governments invent new and new measures. Being nontransparent, NTMs are difficult to identify and analyse.

 

Non-Tariff Barriers/Non-Tariff Measures

Tariff

In simple words, this is the tax imposed on imported goods. In most cases the tax is collected at the moment some shipment arrives at ports. Governments normally force tariffs (or excise duty) to protect local industries and to raise their revenues, although many economists have debated against it. According to them these methods are faulty, because in the end it's the consumer who suffers at the hand of high prices and inflation. An exporter is better off going for some country with minimum tariffs because he will lose the low cost advantage once you have to pay these taxes. Tariff allows local manufacturers to offer lower prices as compared to the imported items (still the customers are paying more than what they should be paying for this quality).

 

Non-Tariff Barriers

All other restrictions on trade except tariffs are known as non-tariff barriers. These rules, regulations or policies are used for the same purposes (i.e. to restrict imports and protect local industries), however they cannot raise any revenue for the host country. Some of the common non-tariff barriers are quotas, quality standards, complex regulations, import license or import bans.

 

The EAC has adopted its own definition of NTMs, aimed at identifying them and monitoring their elimination. The definition uses the UNCTAD and WTO guidelines related to identification of obstacles that have a negative impact on trade, since there is no single internationally accepted definition encompassing the diverse measures covered. The EAC recognizes NTMs as “quantitative restriction本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。