摘要:本文主要分析爱尔兰的东开普省公园的可持续发展问题,东开普省公园和旅游局致力在更广泛的社区实现自然资源的可持续性使用,这种使用不会对生态系统和子孙后代带来负面影响。
is the so called “triple bottom line” of a company, namely the sustainability of a company that has adopted a balanced and integrated economic, social and environmental performance. (A Company’s Duty to Report on “Non – Financial Matters”; JCE/HUT 3419.DOC/COM-GEN/113997, 20010829a).
There are three models of sustainability: the three legged stool models, weak sustainability and strong sustainability. The three legged stool model is where all three elements of the triple bottom line combine and overlap, where this happens is sustainability; this does not occur in reality. The weak sustainability model is where the economy is strong with society and the environment being smaller criteria; strong sustainability on the other hand is where the environment is strong with society playing a bigger role and economy being the last criteria. A new model of sustainable development has been developed and is as follows and is based on actual activities that are required in order to reach sustainable development.
Maximise economic welfare
Non declining levels of welfare or of utility in each successive period
Maintain critical thresholds of ecological capital by each major component
Sustainable Development
Maintain resilience of the ecological, social and economic systems
Source: Rao (2000) in lecture
notes, day 1
METHODOLGY TO ASSESS “TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE”
In determining the methodology to asses the “triple bottom line”, the JSE SRI Index, 2004, has been utilised. The four criteria that the JSI SRI index uses have been used for this assessment, namely:
Environmental sustainability practices,
Economic sustainability practices,
Social sustainability practices,
Corporate governance practices.
The following assumptions are made: the scoring method will be number based, with zero (0) being the lowest with nothing in place to measure adoption or implementation and three (3) exceeding the objectives of adoption or implementation. The criteria for assessment will be set out in table format and scores will be attributed to each of the four criteria as stated. The assessment will be carried out on the operations department of the Eastern Cape Parks Board; this will include all operations of the Protected Areas as well as policies and procedures. The selection criteria and drivers as determined by the JSE SRI index for each of the four criteria will be used in the assessment.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT
POLICY CRITERIA
RATING
Demonstrated commitment to set objectives & targets for the management of the company’s direct environmental impacts
2
Demonstrated commitment to reduce or minimise negative impacts of products & services
1
Demonstrated commitment to the use of management systems & targets which include resource efficiency targets, initiatives or programmes which are appropriate to the company’s size, business and geographic spread of operations
2
Demonstrated commitment to identifying, assessing & reducing the environmental impact of:
Direct involvement in projects
Activities performed by contractors
Use of products & services
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